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Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
author Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
date Sat, 23 Feb 2013 18:32:08 -0600
parents 36b43eafab38
children 97824b1523a8
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1 <!--#include file="header.html" -->
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2 <title>Toybox Roadmap</title>
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3
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4 <h2>Goals and use cases</h2>
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5
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6 <p>We have several potential use cases for a new set of command line
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7 utilities, and are using those to determine which commands to implement
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8 for Toybox's 1.0 release.</p>
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9
805
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10 <p>The most interesting standards are POSIX-2008 (also known as the Single
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11 Unix Specification version 4) and the Linux Standard Base (version 4.1).
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12 The main test harness including toybox in Aboriginal Linux and if that can
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13 build itself using the result to build Linux From Scratch (version 6.8).
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14 We also aim to replace Android's Toolbox.</p>
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15
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16 <p>At a secondary level we'd like to meet other use cases. We've analyzed
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17 the commands provided by similar projects (klibc, sash, sbase, s6, embutils,
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18 nash, and beastiebox), along with various vendor configurations of busybox,
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19 and some end user requests.</p>
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20
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21 <p>Finally, we'd like to provide a good replacement for the Bash shell,
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22 which was the first program Linux ever ran and remains the standard shell
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23 of Linux no matter what Ubuntu says. This doesn't mean including the full
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24 set of Bash 4.x functionality, but does involve {various,features} beyond
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25 posix.</p>
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26
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27 <p>See the <a href=status.html>status page</a> for the combined list
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28 and progress towards implementing it.</p>
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29
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30 <ul>
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31 <li><a href=#susv4>POSIX-2008/SUSv4</a></li>
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32 <li><a href=#sigh>Linux "Standard" Base</a></li>
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33 <li><a href=#dev_env>Development Environment</a></li>
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34 <li><a href=#android>Android Toolbox</a></li>
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35 <li>Miscelaneous: <a href=#klibc>klibc</a>, <a href=#sash>sash</a>,
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36 <a href=#sbase>sbase</a>, <a href=#s6>s6</a>, <a href=#nash>nash</a>,
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37 <a href=#beastiebox>beastiebox</a></li>
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38 </ul>
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39
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40 <hr />
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41 <a name="standards">
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42 <h2>Use case: standards compliance.</h2>
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43
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44 <h3><a name=susv4 /><a href="#susv4">POSIX-2008/SUSv4</a></h3>
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45 <p>The best standards are the kind that describe reality, rather than
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46 attempting to impose a new one. (I.E. a good standard should document, not
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47 legislate.)</p>
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48
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49 <p>The kind of standards which describe existing reality tend to be approved by
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50 more than one standards body, such ANSI and ISO both approving C. That's why
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51 the IEEE POSIX committee's 2008 standard, the Single Unix Specification version
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52 4, and the Open Group Base Specification edition 7 are all the same standard
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53 from three sources.</p>
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54
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55 <p>The <a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/idx/utilities.html">"utilities"
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56 section</a>
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57 of these standards is devoted to the unix command line, and are the best such
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58 standard for our purposes. (My earlier work on BusyBox was implemented with
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59 regard to SUSv3, an earlier version of this standard.)</p>
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60
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61 <h3>Problems with the standard</h3>
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62
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63 <p>Unfortunately, these standards describe a subset of reality, lacking any
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64 mention of commands such as init, login, or mount required to actually boot a
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65 system. It provides ipcrm and ipcs, but not ipcmk, so you can use System V IPC
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66 resources but not create them.</p>
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67
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68 <p>These standards also contain a large number of commands that are
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69 inappropriate for toybox to implement in its 1.0 release. (Perhaps some of
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70 these could be reintroduced in later releases, but not now.)</p>
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71
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72 <p>Starting with the full "utilities" list, we first remove generally obsolete
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73 commands (compess ed ex pr uncompress uccp uustat uux), commands for the
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74 pre-CVS "SCCS" source control system (admin delta get prs rmdel sact sccs unget
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75 val what), fortran support (asa fort77), and batch processing support (batch
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76 qalter qdel qhold qmove qmsg qrerun qrls qselect qsig qstat qsub).</p>
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77
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78 <p>Some commands are for a compiler toolchain (ar c99 cflow ctags cxref gencat
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79 iconv lex m4 make nm strings strip tsort yacc), which is outside of toybox's
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80 mandate and should be supplied externally. (Again, some of these may be
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81 revisited later, but not for toybox 1.0.)</p>
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82
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83 <p>Some commands are part of a command shell, and cannot be implemented as
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84 separate executables (alias bg cd command fc fg getopts hash jobs kill read
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85 type ulimit umask unalias wait). These may be revisited as part of a built-in
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86 toybox shell, but are not exported into $PATH via symlinks. (If you fork a
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87 child process and have it "cd" then exit, you've accomplished nothing.)</p>
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88
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89 <p>A few other commands are judgement calls, providing command-line
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90 internationalization support (iconv locale localedef), System V inter-process
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91 communication (ipcrm ipcs), and cross-tty communication from the minicomputer
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92 days (talk mesg write). The "pax" utility was supplanted by tar, "mailx" is
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93 a command line email client, and "lp" submits files for printing to... what
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94 exactly? (cups?) The standard defines crontab but not crond.</p>
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95
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96 <p>Removing all of that leaves the following commands, which toybox should
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97 implement:</p>
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98
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99 <blockquote><b>
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100 <span id=posix>
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101 at awk basename bc cal cat chgrp chmod chown cksum cmp comm cp
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102 csplit cut date dd df diff dirname du echo env expand expr false file find
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103 fold fuser getconf grep head id join kill link ln logger logname ls man
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104 mkdir mkfifo more mv newgrp nice nl nohup od paste patch pathchk printf ps
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105 pwd renice rm rmdir sed sh sleep sort split stty tabs tail tee test time
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106 touch tput tr true tty uname unexpand uniq unlink uudecode uuencode vi wc
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107 who xargs zcat
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108 </span>
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109 </b></blockquote>
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110
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111 <h3><a name=sigh /><a href="#sigh">Linux Standard Base</a></h3>
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112
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113 <p>One attempt to supplement POSIX towards an actual usable system was the
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114 Linux Standard Base. Unfortunately, the quality of this "standard" is
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115 fairly low.</p>
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116
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117 <p>POSIX allowed its standards process to be compromised
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118 by leaving things out, thus allowing IBM mainframes and Windows NT to drive
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119 a truck through the holes and declare themselves compilant. But it means what
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120 they DID standardize tends to be respected.</p>
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121
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122 <p>The Linux Standard Base's failure mode is different, they respond to
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123 pressure by including special-case crap, such as allowing Red Hat to shoehorn
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124 RPM on the standard even though all sorts of distros (Debian, Slackware, Arch,
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125 Gentoo) don't use it and probably never will. This means anything in the LSB is
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126 at best a suggestion: arbitrary portions of this standard are widely
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127 ignored.</p>
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128
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129 <p>The LSB does specify a <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/cmdbehav.html>list of command line
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130 utilities</a>:</p>
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131
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132 <blockquote><b>
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133 ar at awk batch bc chfn chsh col cpio crontab df dmesg du echo egrep
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134 fgrep file fuser gettext grep groupadd groupdel groupmod groups
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135 gunzip gzip hostname install install_initd ipcrm ipcs killall lpr ls
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136 lsb_release m4 md5sum mknod mktemp more mount msgfmt newgrp od passwd
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137 patch pidof remove_initd renice sed sendmail seq sh shutdown su sync
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138 tar umount useradd userdel usermod xargs zcat
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139 </b></blockquote>
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140
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141 <p>Where posix specifies one of those commands, LSB's deltas tend to be
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142 accomodations for broken tool versions which aren't up to date with the
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143 standard yet. (See <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/more.html>more</a> and <a href=http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/xargs.html>xargs</a>
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144 for examples.)</p>
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145
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146 <p>Since we've already committed to using our own judgement to skip bits of
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147 POSIX, and LSB's "judgement" in this regard is purely bug workarounds to declare
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148 various legacy tool implementations "compliant", this means we're mostly
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149 interested in the set of tools that aren't specified in posix at all.</p>
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150
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151 <p>Of these, gettext and msgfmt are internationalization, install_initd and
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152 remove_initd aren't present on ubuntu 10.04, lpr is out of scope, and
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153 lsb_release is a distro issue (it's a nice command, but the output of
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154 lsb_release -a is the name and version number of the linux distro you're
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155 running, which toybox doesn't know).</p>
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156
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157 <p>This leaves:</p>
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158
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159 <blockquote><b>
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160 <span id=lsb>
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161 chfn chsh dmesg egrep fgrep groupadd groupdel groupmod groups
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162 gunzip gzip hostname install killall md5sum
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163 mknod mktemp mount passwd pidof sendmail seq shutdown
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164 su sync tar umount useradd userdel usermod zcat
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165 </span>
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166 </b></blockquote>
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167
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168 <hr />
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169 <a name="dev_env">
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170 <h2><a href="#dev_env">Use case: provide a self-hosting development environment</a></h2>
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171
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172 <p>The following commands are enough to build the Aboriginal Linux development
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173 environment, boot it to a shell prompt, and build Linux From Scratch 6.8 under
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174 it. (Aboriginal Linux currently uses BusyBox for this, thus provides a
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175 drop-in test environment for toybox. We install both implementations side
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176 by side, redirecting the symlinks a command at a time until the older
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177 package is no longer used, and can be removed.)</p>
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178
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179 <p>This use case includes running init scripts and other shell scripts, running
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180 configure, make, and install in each package, and providing basic command line
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181 facilities such as a text editor. (It does not include a compiler toolchain or
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182 C library, those are outside the scope of this project.)</p>
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183
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184 <blockquote><b>
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185 <span id=development>
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186 bzcat cat cp dirname echo env patch rmdir sha1sum sleep sort sync
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187 true uname wc which yes zcat
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188 awk basename bzip2 chmod chown cmp cut date dd diff
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189 egrep expr find grep gzip head hostname id install ln ls
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190 mkdir mktemp mv od readlink rm sed sh tail tar touch tr uniq
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191 wget whoami xargs chgrp comm gunzip less logname man split
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192 tee test time bunzip2 chgrp chroot comm cpio dmesg
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193 dnsdomainname ftpd ftpget ftpput gunzip ifconfig init less
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194 logname losetup man mdev mount mountpoint nc pgrep pkill
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195 pwd route split stat switch_root tac umount vi
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196 </span>
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197 </b></blockquote>
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198
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199 <p>Note: Aboriginal Linux installs bash 2.05b as #!/bin/sh and its scripts
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200 require bash extensions not present in shells such as busybox ash.
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201 This means that toysh needs to supply several bash extensions _and_ work
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202 when called under the name "bash".</p>
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203
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204 <hr />
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205 <h2><a name=android /><a href="#android">Use case: Replacing Android Toolbox</a></h2>
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206
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207 <p>Android has a policy against GPL in userspace, so even though BusyBox
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208 predates Android by many years, they couldn't use it. Instead they grabbed
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209 an old version of ash and implemented their own command line utility set
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210 called "toolbox".</p>
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211
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212 <p>Toolbox doesn't have its own repository, instead it's part of Android's
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213 <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core>system/core
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214 git repository</a> (this analysis looked at commit 51ccef27cab58).</p>
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215
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216 <h3>Toolbox commands:</h3>
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217
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218 <p>According to core/toolbox/Android.mk the toolbox directory builds the
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219 following commands:</p>
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220
639
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221 <blockquote><b>
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222 ls mount cat ps kill ln insmod rmmod lsmod ifconfig setconsole
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223 rm mkdir rmdir reboot getevent sendevent date wipe sync umount
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224 start stop notify cmp dmesg route hd dd df getprop setprop watchprops
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225 log sleep renice printenv smd chmod chown newfs_msdos netstat ioctl
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226 mv schedtop top iftop id uptime vmstat nandread ionice touch lsof md5 r
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227 cp du grep watchdogd
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228 </b></blockquote>
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229
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230 <p>If selinux is enabled, you also get:</p>
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231 <blockquote><b>
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232 getenforce setenforce chcon restorecon runcon getsebool setsebool load_policy
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233 </b></blockquote>
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234
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235 <p>The Android.mk file also refers to dynarray.c and toolbox.c as library
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236 code. This leaves the following apparently unused C files in toolbox/*.c, each
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237 of which has a command_main() function and seems to implement a standalone
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238 command:</p>
639
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239
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240 <blockquote><b>
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241 alarm exists lsusb readtty rotatefb setkey syren
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242 </b></blockquote>
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243
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244 <h3>Command shell (ash)</h3>
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245
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246 <p>The core/sh subdirectory contains a fork of ash 1.17, and sucks in
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247 liblinenoise to provide command line history/editing.</p>
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248
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249 <h3>Other Android core commands</h3>
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250
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251 <p>Other than the toolbox and sh directories, the currently interesting
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252 subdirectories in the core repository are fs_mgr, gpttool, init,
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253 logcat, logwrapper, mkbootimg, netcfg, run-as, and sdcard.</p>
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254
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255 <ul>
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256 <li><b>fs_mgr</b> - subset of mount</li>
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257 <li><b>gpttool</b> - subset of fdisk</li>
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258 <li><b>init</b> - Android's PID 1</li>
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259 <li><b>logcat</b> - read android log format</li>
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260 <li><b>logwrapper</b> - redirect stdio to android log</li>
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261 <li><b>mkbootimg</b> - create signed boot image</li>
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262 <li><b>netcfg</b> - network configuration (sucks in libnetutils)</li>
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263 <li><b>run-as</b> - subset of sudo</li>
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264 <li><b>sdcard</b> - FUSE wrapper to squash UID/GID/permissions to what FAT supports.</li>
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265 </ul>
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266
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267 <p>Almost all of these reinvent an existing wheel with less functionality and a
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268 different user interface. We may want to provide that interface, but
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269 implementing the full commands (mount, fdisk, init, ifconfig with dhcp,
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270 and sudo) come first.</p>
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271
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272 <p>Although logcat/logwrapper also reinvent a wheel, Android did so in the
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273 kernel and these provide an interface to that.</p>
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274
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275 <p>Also, gpttool and mkbootimg are install tools, and sdcard looks like a
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276 testing tool. These aren't a priority if android wants to use its own
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277 bespoke code to install itself.</p>
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278
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279 <h3>Analysis</h3>
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280
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281 <p>For reference, combining everything listed above, we get:</p>
639
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282
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283 <blockquote><b>
805
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284 alarm ash cat chcon chmod chown cmp cp date dd df dmesg du exists fs_mgr
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285 getenforce
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286 getevent getprop getsebool gpttool grep hd id ifconfig iftop init insmod ioctl
678
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287 ionice kill ln load_policy log logcat logwrapper ls lsmod lsof lsusb md5
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288 mkbootimg mkdir mount mv nandread netcfg netstat newfs_msdos notify printenv
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289 ps r readtty reboot renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod rotatefb route run-as
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290 runcon schedtop sdcard sendevent setconsole setenforce setkey setprop setsebool
805
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291 sleep smd start stop sync syren top touch umount uptime vmstat watchdogd
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292 watchprops wipe
678
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293 </b></blockquote>
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294
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295 <p>We may eventually implement all of that, but for toybox 1.0 we need to
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296 focus a bit. For our first pass, let's ignore selinux, strip out the "unlisted"
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297 commands except lsusb, and grab just logcat and logwrapper from the "core"
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298 commands (since the rest have some full/standard version providing that
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299 functionality, which we can implement a shim interface for later).</p>
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300
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301 <p>This means toybox should implement:</p>
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302 <blockquote><b>
639
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303 <span id=toolbox>
805
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304 cat chmod chown cmp cp date dd df dmesg du getevent getprop grep hd id ifconfig
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305 iftop insmod ioctl ionice kill ln log logcat logwrapper ls lsmod lsof lsusb md5
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306 mkdir mount mv nandread
678
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307 netstat newfs_msdos notify printenv ps r reboot renice rm rmdir rmmod route
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308 schedtop sendevent setconsole setprop sleep smd start stop sync top touch
805
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309 umount uptime vmstat watchprops watchdogd wipe
639
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310 </span>
797
36b43eafab38 Wrong closing tag in roadmap.html.
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311 </b></blockquote>
678
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312
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313 <p>The following Toolbox commands are already covered in previous
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314 sections of this analysis:</p>
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315
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316 <blockquote><b>
805
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317 cat chmod chown cmp cp date dd df dmesg du grep id ifconfig insmod kill ln ls
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318 lsmod mkdir mount mv ps renice rm rmdir rmmod route sleep sync top touch umount
678
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319 </b></blockquote>
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320
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321 <p>Which leaves the following commands as new from Toolbox:</p>
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322
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323 <blockquote><b>
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324 getevent getprop hd iftop ioctl ionice log lsof nandread netstat
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325 newfs_msdos notify printenv r reboot schedtop sendevent setconsole
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326 setprop smd start stop top uptime vmstat watchprops watchdogd wipe
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327 </b></blockquote>
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328
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329 <hr /><a name=klibc />
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330 <h2>kblic:</h2>
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331
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332 <p>Long ago some kernel developers came up with a project called
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333 <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc>klibc</a>.
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334 After a decade of development it still has no web page or HOWTO,
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335 and nobody's quite sure if the license is BSD or GPL. It inexplicably
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336 <a href=http://www.infoworld.com/d/data-center/perl-isnt-going-anywhere-better-or-worse-211580>requires perl to build</a>, and seems like an ideal candidate for
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337 replacement.</p>
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338
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339 <p>In addition to a C library even less capable than bionic (obsoleted by
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340 musl), klibc builds a random assortment of executables to run init scripts
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341 with. There's no multiplexer command, these are individual executables:</p>
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342
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343 <blockquote><p>
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344 cat chroot cpio dd dmesg false fixdep fstype gunzip gzip halt ipconfig kill
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345 kinit ln losetup ls minips mkdir mkfifo mknodes
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346 mksyntax mount mv nfsmount nuke pivot_root poweroff readlink reboot resume
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347 run-init sh sha1hash sleep sync true umount uname zcat
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348 </p></blockquote>
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349
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350 <p>To get that list, build klibc according to the instructions (I
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351 <a href=http://landley.net/notes-2013.html#23-01-2013>looked at</a> version
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352 2.0.2 and did cd klibc-*; ln -s /output/of/kernel/make/headers_install
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353 linux; make) then <b>echo $(for i in $(find . -type f); do file $i | grep -q
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354 executable && basename $i; done | grep -v '[.]g$' | sort -u)</b> to find
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355 executables, then eliminated the *.so files and *.shared duplicates.</p>
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356
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357 <p>Some of those binaries are build-time tools that don't get installed,
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358 which removes mknodes, mksyntax, sha1hash, and fixdep from the list.
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359 (And sha1hash is just an unpolished sha1sum anyway.)</p>
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360
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361 <p>The run-init command is more commonly called switch_root, nuke is just
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362 "rm -rf -- $@", and minips is more commonly called "ps". I'm not doing aliases
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363 for the oddball names.</p>
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364
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365 <p>Yet more stale forks of dash and gzip sucked in here (see "dubious
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366 license terms" above), adding nothing to the other projects we've looked at.
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367 But we still need sh, gunzip, gzip, and zcat to replace this package.</p>
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368
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369 <p>By the time I did the analysis toybox already had cat, chroot, dmesg, false,
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370 kill, ln, losetup, ls, mkdir, mkfifo, readlink, rm, switch_root, sleep, sync,
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371 true, and uname.</p>
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372
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373 <p>The low hanging fruit is cpio, dd, ps, mv, and pivot_root.</p>
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374
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375 <p>The "kinit" command is another gratuitous rename, it's init running as PID 1.
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376 The halt, poweroff, and reboot commands work with it.</p>
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377
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378 <p>I've got mount and umount queued up already, fstype and nfsmount go with
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379 those. (And probably smbmount and p9mount, but this hasn't got one. Those
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380 are all about querying for login credentials, probably workable into the
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381 base mount command.)</p>
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382
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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383 <p>The ipconfig command here has a built in dhcp client, so it's ifconfig
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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384 and dhcpcd and maybe some other stuff.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
385
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
386 <p>The resume command is... weird. It finds a swap partition and reads data
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
387 from it into a /proc file, something the kernel is capable of doing itself.
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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388 (Even though the klibc author
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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389 <a href=http://www.zytor.com/pipermail/klibc/2006-June/001748.html>attempted
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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390 to remove</a> that capability from the kernel, current kernel/power/hibernate.c
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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391 still parses "resume=" on the command line). And yet various distros seem to
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
392 make use of klibc for this>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
393 Given the history of swsusp/hibernate (and
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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394 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/333007>TuxOnIce</a>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
395 and <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/242107>kexec jump</a>) I've lost track
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
396 of the current state of the art here. Ah, Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
397 has the API docs, and <a href=http://suspend.sf.net>here's a better
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
398 tool</a>...</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
399
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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diff changeset
400 <p>So the list of things actually in klibc are:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
401
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
402 <blockquote><b>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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diff changeset
403 <span id=klibc_cmd />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
404 cat chroot dmesg false kill ln losetup ls mkdir mkfifo readlink rm switch_root
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
405 sleep sync true uname
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
406
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
407 cpio dd ps mv pivot_root
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
408 mount nfsmount fstype umount
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
409 sh gunzip gzip zcat
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
410 kinit halt poweroff reboot
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
411 ipconfig
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
412 resume
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
413 </span>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
414 </b></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
415
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
416 <hr />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
417 <a name=sash />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
418 <h2>Stand-Alone Shell</h2>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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419
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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420 <p>Wikipedia has <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_shell>a good
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
421 summary of sash</a>, with links. The original Stand-Alone Shell project reached
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
422 a stopping point, and then <a href=http://www.baiti.net/sash>"sash plus
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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423 patches"</a> extended it a bit further. The result is a megabyte executable
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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424 that provides 40 commands.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
425
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
426 <p>Sash is a shell with built-in commands. It doesn't have a multiplexer
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
427 command, meaning "sash ls -l" doesn't work (you have to go "sash -c 'ls -l'").
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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428 </p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
429
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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430 <p>The list of commands can be obtained via building it and doing
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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431 "echo help | ./sash | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/^-//' | xargs echo", which
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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432 gives us:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
433
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
434 <blockquote><b>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
435 alias aliasall ar cd chattr chgrp chmod chown cmp cp chroot dd echo ed exec
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
436 exit file find grep gunzip gzip help kill losetup losetup ln ls lsattr mkdir
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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437 mknod more mount mv pivot_root printenv prompt pwd quit rm rmdir setenv source
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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438 sum sync tar touch umask umount unalias where
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
439 </b></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
440
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
441 <p>Plus sh because it's a shell. A dozen or so commands can only sanely be
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
442 implemented as shell builtins (alias aliasall cd exec exit prompt quit setenv
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
443 source umask unalias), where is an alias for which, and at triage time toybox
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
444 already has chgrp, chmod, chown, cmp, cp, chroot, echo, help, kill, losetup,
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
445 ln, ls, mkdir, mknod, printenv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sync, and touch.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
446
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
447 <p>This leaves:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
448
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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449 <blockquote><b>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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450 <span id=sash_cmd>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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451 ar chattr dd ed file find grep gunzip gzip lsattr more mount mv pivot_root
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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452 sh sum tar umount
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
453 </span>
639
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
454 </b></blockquote>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
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455
805
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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456 <p>(For once, this project doesn't include a fork of gzip, instead
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
457 it sucks in -lz from the host.)</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
458
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
459 <hr />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
460 <a name=sbase />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
461 <h2>sbase:</h2>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
462
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
463 <p>It's <a href=http://git.suckless.org/sbase>on suckless</a>. So far it's
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
464 implemented:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
465
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
466 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
467 <span id=sbase_cmd />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
468 basename cat chmod chown cksum cmp cp date dirname echo false fold grep head
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
469 kill ln ls mc mkdir mkfifo mv nl nohup pwd rm seq sleep sort tail tee test
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
470 touch true tty uname uniq wc yes
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
471 </span>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
472 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
473
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
474 <p>And has a TODO list:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
475
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
476 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
477 <span id=sbase_cmd />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
478 cal chgrp chvt comm cut df diff du env expand expr id md5sum nice paste
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
479 printenv printf readlink rmdir seq sha1sum split sync test tr unexpand unlink
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
480 who
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
481 </span>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
482 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
483
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
484 <p>At triage time, of the first list I still need to do: fold grep mc mv nl. Of
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
485 the second list: diff expr paste printf split test tr unexpand who.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
486
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
487 <hr />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
488 <a name=s6 />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
489 <h2>s6</h2>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
490
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
491 <p>The website <a href=http://skarnet.org/software/>skarnet</a> has a bunch
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
492 of small utilities as part of something called "s6". This includes the
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
493 <a href=http://skarnet.org/software/s6-portable-utils>s6-portabile-utils</a>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
494 and the <a href=http://skarnet.org/software/s6-linux-utils>s6-linux-utils</a>.
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
495 </p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
496
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
497 <p>Both packages rely on multiple bespoke external libraries without which
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
498 they can't compile. The source is completely uncommented and doesn't wrap at
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
499 80 characters. Doing a find for *.c files brings up the following commands:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
500
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
501 <blockquote><b>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
502 <span id=s6>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
503 basename cat chmod chown chroot clock cut devd dirname echo env expr false
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
504 format-filter freeramdisk grep halt head hiercopy hostname linkname ln
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
505 logwatch ls maximumtime memoryhog mkdir mkfifo mount nice nuke pause
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
506 pivotchroot poweroff printenv quote quote-filter reboot rename rmrf sleep
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
507 sort swapoff swapon sync tail test touch true umount uniquename unquote
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
508 unquote-filter update-symlinks
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
509 </span>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
510 </b></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
511
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
512 <p>Triage: memoryhog isn't even listed on the website nor does it have
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
513 a documentation file, clock seems like a subset
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
514 of date, devd is some sort of netlink wrapper that spawns its command line
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
515 every time it gets a message (maybe this is meant to implement part of
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
516 udev/mdev?), format-filter is sort of awk's '{print $2}' function split out
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
517 into its own command, hiercopy a subset of "cp -r", maximumtime is something
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
518 I implemented as a shell script (more/timeout.sh in Aboriginal Linux),
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
519 nuke isn't the same as klibc (this one's "kill SIG -1" only with hardwared
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
520 SIG options), pause is a program that literally waits to be killed (I
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
521 generally sleep 999999999 which is a little over 30 years),
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
522 pivotchroot is a subset of switch_root, rmrf is rm -rf...</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
523
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
524 <p>I see "nuke" resurface, and if "rmrf" wasn't also here I might think
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
525 klibc had a point.</b>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
526
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
527 <blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
528 basename cat chmod chown chroot cut dirname echo env expr false
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
529 freeramdisk grep halt head hostname linkname ln
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
530 logwatch ls mkdir mkfifo mount nice
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
531 pivotchroot poweroff printenv quote quote-filter reboot rename sleep
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
532 sort swapoff swapon sync tail test touch true umount uniquename unquote
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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533 unquote-filter update-symlinks
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
534 </blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
535
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
536
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
537 <hr />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
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diff changeset
538 <a name=nash />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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539 <h2>nash:</h2>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
540
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
541 <p>Red Hat's nash was part of its "mkinitrd" package, replacement for a shell
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
542 and utilities on the boot floppy back in the 1990's (the same general idea
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
543 as BusyBox, developed independently). Red Hat discontinued nash development
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
544 in 2010, replacing it with dracut (which collects together existing packages,
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
545 including busybox).</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
546
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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547 <p>I couldn't figure out how to beat source code out of
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
548 <a href=http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/git/mkinitrd>Fedora's current git</a>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
549 repository. The last release version that used it was Fedora Core 12
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
550 which has <a href=http://archive.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/12/Fedora/source/SRPMS/mkinitrd-6.0.93-1.fc12.src.rpm>a source rpm</a>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
551 that can be unwound with "rpm2cpio mkinitrd.src.rpm | cpio -i -d -H newc
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
552 --no-absolute-filenames" and in there is a mkinitrd-6.0.93.tar.bz2 which
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
553 has the source.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
554
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
555 <p>In addition to being a bit like a command shell, the nash man page lists the
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
556 following commands:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
557
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
558 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
559 access echo find losetup mkdevices mkdir mknod mkdmnod mkrootdev mount
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
560 pivot_root readlink raidautorun setquiet showlabels sleep switchroot umount
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
561 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
562
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
563 <p>Oddly, the only occurrence of the string pivot_root in the nash source code
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
564 is in the man page, the command isn't there. (It seems to have been removed
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
565 when the underscoreless switchroot went in.)</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
566
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
567 <p>A more complete list seems to be the handlers[] array in nash.c:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
568
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
569 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
570 access buildEnv cat cond cp daemonize dm echo exec exit find kernelopt
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
571 loadDrivers loadpolicy mkchardevs mkblktab mkblkdevs mkdir mkdmnod mknod
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
572 mkrootdev mount netname network null plymouth hotplug killplug losetup
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
573 ln ls raidautorun readlink resume resolveDevice rmparts setDeviceEnv
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
574 setquiet setuproot showelfinterp showlabels sleep stabilized status switchroot
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
575 umount waitdev
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
576 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
577
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
578 <p>This list is nuts: "plymouth" is an alias for "null" which is basically
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
579 "true" (which thie above list doesn't have). Things like buildEnv and
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
580 loadDrivers are bespoke Red Hat behavior that might as well be hardwired in
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
581 to nash's main() without being called.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
582
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
583 <p>Instead of eliminating items
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
584 from the list with an explanation for each, I'm just going to cherry pick
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
585 a few: the device mapper (dm, raidautorun) is probably interesting,
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
586 hotplug (may be obsolete due to kernel changes that now load firmware
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
587 directly), and another "resume" ala klibc.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
588
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
589 <p>But mostly: I don't care about this one. And neither does Red Hat anymore.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
590
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
591 <hr />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
592 <a name=beastiebox />
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
593 <h2>Beastiebox</h2>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
594
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
595 <p>Back in 2008, the BSD guys vented some busybox-envy
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
596 <a href=http://beastiebox.sourceforge.net>on sourceforge</a>. Then stopped.
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
597 Their repository is still in CVS, hasn't been touched in years, it's a giant
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
598 hairball of existing code sucked together. (The web page says the author
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
599 is aware of crunchgen, but decided to do this by hand anyway. This is not
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
600 a collection of new code, it's a katamari of existing code rolled up in a
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
601 ball.)</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
602
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
603 <p>Combining the set of commands listed on the web page with the set of
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
604 man pages in the source gives us:</P>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
605
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
606 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
607 [ cat chmod cp csh date df disklabel dmesg echo ex fdisk fsck fsck_ffs getty
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
608 halt hostname ifconfig init kill less lesskey ln login ls lv mksh more mount
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
609 mount_ffs mv pfctl ping poweroff ps reboot rm route sed sh stty sysctl tar test
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
610 traceroute umount vi wiconfig
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
611 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
612
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
613 <p>Apparently lv is the missing link ed and vi, copyright 1982-1997 (do not
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
614 want), ex is another obsolete vi mode, lesskey is "used to
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
615 specify a set of key bindings to be used with less", and csh is a shell they
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
616 sucked in, [ is an alias for test. Several more bsd-isms that don't have Linux
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
617 equivalents (even in the ubuntu "install this package" search) are
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
618 disklabel, fsck_ffs, mount_ffs, and pfctl. And wiconfig is a wavelan interface
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
619 network card driver utility. Subtracting all that and the commands toybox
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
620 already implements at triage time, we get:</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
621
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
622 <blockquote><p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
623 <span id=beastiebox_cmd>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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624 fdisk fsck getty halt ifconfig init kill less mksh more mount mv ping poweroff
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
625 ps reboot route sed sh stty sysctl tar test traceroute umount vi
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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626 </span>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
diff changeset
627 </p></blockquote>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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628
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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629 <p>Not a hugely interesting list, but eh.</p>
0db28494d17d Accumulated web page changes. (Release announcement for previous release, roadmap updates, etc.)
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 797
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630
639
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
631 <hr />
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
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632 <h2>Requests:</h2>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
633
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
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634 <p>The following additional commands have been requested by various users:</p>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
635 <blockquote><b>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
636 <span id=request>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
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637 freeramdisk getty halt hexdump hwclock klogd modprobe ping ping6 pivot_root
757
4094f14c47a2 Update mkstatus.py, roadmap.html, and status.html.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 736
diff changeset
638 poweroff rev sfdisk sudo syslogd taskset telnet telnetd tracepath traceroute
4094f14c47a2 Update mkstatus.py, roadmap.html, and status.html.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents: 736
diff changeset
639 unzip usleep vconfig zip free login modinfo unshare netcat help w
639
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
640 </span>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
641 </b></blockquote>
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
642
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
diff changeset
643 <!-- #include "footer.html" -->
3c591e7a367d More web page roadmap/status update stuff.
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
parents:
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644