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annotate www/build-stages.html @ 1729:7c89513343ea draft

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Remove old filesystem combining script, it happens in sbin/init.sh now.
author Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
date Tue, 10 Feb 2015 20:58:05 -0600
parents 6da94a74a8a9
children 3a66b5554d1e
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1 <html>
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2 <title>Aboriginal Linux - Build Stages</title>
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3 <body>
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4 <!--#include file="header.html" -->
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5
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6 <p>The Aboriginal Linux build scripts are the source code for the Aboriginal
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7 Linux project. If you would like to build your own cross compiler or target
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8 system image from source, use these build scripts. They're written in bash
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9 and should be fairly easy to read.</p>
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10
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11 <h2>Quick start</h2>
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12
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13 <p>Run <b>build.sh</b> with no arguments to see a list of targets. Select
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14 a target, and run <b>build.sh $TARGET</b> with the target name in place of
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15 $TARGET. When it finishes, run <b>more/dev-environment.sh $TARGET</b> to
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16 boot the resulting system image under QEMU, configured for use as a
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17 development environment. Type <b>exit</b> to shut down the emulator.</p>
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18
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19 <h2>Overview</h2>
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20
6da94a74a8a9 Convert downloads/README into build-stages.html
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21 <p>The build runs the following stages, in order:</p>
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22
6da94a74a8a9 Convert downloads/README into build-stages.html
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23 <ul>
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24 <li><b>download.sh</b> - Download source packages used by the rest of the build.</li>
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25 <li><b>host-tools.sh</b> - Build prerequisites host needs to run remaining stages.</li>
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26 <li><b>simple-cross-compiler.sh</b> - Build cross compiler for selected target architecture.</li>
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27 <li><b>[</b>cross-compiler.sh<b>]</b> - optionally produce a more portable cross compiler (not needed by rest of build).</li>
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28 <li><b>native-compiler.sh</b> - Build native compiler to install/run on target.</li>
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29 <li><b>simple-root-filesystem.sh</b> - Build root filesystem that can boot to a shell prompt.</li>
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30 <li><b>root-filesystem.sh</b> - Combine output of native-compiler and simple-root-filesystem stages into a single directory.</li>
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31 <li><b>root-image.sh</b> - Create ext2/squashfs/initramfs image file from root-filesystem or simple-root-filesystem output.</li>
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32 <li><b>linux-kernel.sh</b> - Build bootable Linux kernel.</li>
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33 <li><b>system-image.sh</b> - Package together filesystem image and kernel with scripts to launch them under an emulator.</li>
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34 </ul>
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35
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36 <p>The top level wrapper script <b>build.sh</b> runs the above stages in order,
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37 but each stage script can also be run individually. Each of the above
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38 build scripts (except download.sh and host-tools.sh) take a single argument:
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39 the name of the target architecture to build code for. Run build.sh with no
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40 arguments to see a list of available targets.</p>
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41
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42 <p>Each build stage (except download.sh and host-tools.sh) produces its output
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43 in the "build" directory under a subdirectory named after the script plus the
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44 target. It also produces a tarball of that directory if the build stage
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45 completed successfully. (The download.sh script populates the "packages"
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46 directory instead, and host-tools.sh produces its output the directory
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47 "build/host" with no tarball version since those programs are intended to
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48 run locally.)</p>
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49
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50 <p>All downloaded files wind up in the "packages" directory. Output from
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51 compiles is generated in the "build" directory. These are the only two
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52 directories the build writes to, and both directories may be deleted and
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53 then recreated by the build scripts. (The equivalent of "distclean" is
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54 <b>rm -rf build packages</b> from the top level directory.)</p>
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55
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56 <p>None of these scripts need to be run as root -- an explicit design goal of
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57 Aboriginal Linux is that root access on the host is never required.</p>
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58
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59 <h2>Build stages</h2>
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60
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61 <p>The files in the top level directory of the Aboriginal Linux source
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62 are:</p>
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63
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64 <ul>
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65 <li><b>configure</b>
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66 <blockquote>
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67 <p>Contains several variables that can be set to control the build's behavior,
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68 with descriptions of each. These variables may be set in this file, or
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69 exported as environment variables.</p>
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70
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71 <p>A useful shell syntax to export environment variables for just a single
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72 command, without persistently altering the environment, is to list the
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73 assignments before the command on the same line. For example:</p>
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74
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75 <blockquote><pre><b>CROSS_HOST=i686 SYSIMAGE_TYPE=ext2 ./build.sh armv5l</b></pre></blockquote>
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76 </li>
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77
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78 <li><b>build.sh $TARGET</b>
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79 <blockquote>
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80 <p>Top level wrapper script which builds a system image for a target,
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81 by calling most of the other scripts listed here in the appropriate
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82 order. It requires one argument, which is the target platform to build
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83 for. When run without arguments, build.sh lists available architectures.</p>
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84
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85 <p>This script is just a wrapper, it contains no actual build logic (except
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86 checking some of the configuration variables).</p>
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87 </li>
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88
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89 <li><b>download.sh</b>
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90
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91 <blockquote>
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92 <p>Uses wget to download the source code required by the later build stages,
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93 saving it in the "packages" directory. It compares the sha1 checksum
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94 of any existing tarballs to an expected value, only downloading new
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95 source tarballs when it needs to.</p>
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96
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97 <p>If a package's primary site is down, it checks a series of fallback mirrors.
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98 The environment variable PREFERRED_MIRROR can insert a new mirror at
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99 the start of the list, which is checked before even the official website.</p>
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100
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101 <p>This script is not target-specific, and only needs to be called once
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102 even when building multiple architectures.</p>
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103 </blockquote>
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104 </li>
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105
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106 <li><b>host-tools.sh</b>
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107
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108 <blockquote>
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109 <p>Sanitizes the host environment by building known versions of needed tools
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110 from source code, then restricting the $PATH to just those tools. This is
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111 an optional step which can be skipped, but without it the build process
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112 is very brittle.</p>
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113
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114 <p>This "airlock" step serves a similar purpose to the temporary system built
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115 by Linux From Scratch's chapter 5, isolating the new system from variations
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116 in the host. It also acts as an early check that the resulting system
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117 images offer a sufficient development environment to rebuild themselves
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118 from source, because the host tool versions used to build them in the first
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119 place are the same ones the scripts install into the target root filesystem.</p>
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120
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121 <p>This script populates the "build/host" directory, which is automatically
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122 <p>used by later stages if it exists. It is not target specific, and only
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123 <p>needs to be run once when building multiple architectures.</p>
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124 </blockquote>
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125 </li>
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126
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127 <li><b>simple-cross-compiler.sh $TARGET</b>
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128
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129 <blockquote>
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130 <p>Creates a cross compiler for the selected target architecture, built from
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131 gcc, binutils, uClibc, and the Linux kernel headers. This compiler runs
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132 on the host and produces programs that run on the target.</p>
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133
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134 <p>This compiler is sufficient to build a system image for the target, but
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135 isn't as powerful as the compilers created by cross-compiler.sh or
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136 native-compiler.sh. (It doesn't include thread support, uClibc++, or the
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137 shared version of libgcc.)</p>
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138 </blockquote>
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139 </li>
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140
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141 <li><b>cross-compiler.sh $TARGET</b>
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142
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143 <blockquote>
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144 <p>This optional step creates a more full-featured cross compiler, with
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145 thread support, uClibc++, and the shared version of libgcc. This is
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146 not required to build a system image, but the prebuilt binary compilers
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147 shipped in the downloads/binaries directory are built this way.</p>
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148
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149 <p>The build.sh wrapper script only calls this stage if the config variable
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150 CROSS_HOST is set, indicating which host architecture to build for.
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151 (For PC hardware, i686 is a good value, since most 64 bit PCs can run 32 bit
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152 code.)</p>
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153
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154 <p>This compiler is statically linked against uClibc, for maximum
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155 portability. (You can set BUILD_STATIC=none to dynamically link instead,
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156 but then have to install uClibc's shared libraries on the host.)</p>
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157 </blockquote>
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158 </li>
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159
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160 <li><b>native-compiler.sh $TARGET</b>
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161
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162 <blockquote>
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163 <p>This step creates a compiler for the selected target, using one
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164 or more of the existing simple cross compilers. The compiler it produces
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165 runs on the target and produces programs that also run on the target.</p>
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166
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167 <p>By default this compiler is statically linked so you can add it to an
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168 existing target root filesystem. Use BUILD_STATIC=none to disable this.,/p>
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169
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170 <p>This compiler includes binutils, gcc, make, bash, and distcc. Because
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171 it's a native compiler, the executable names do not have any prefixes the
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172 way the cross compilers do. (I.E. just "ld" instead of "$TARGET-ld".)</p>
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173 </blockquote>
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174 </li>
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175
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176 <li><b>simple-root-filesystem.sh $TARGET</b>
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177
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178 <blockquote>
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179 <p>Creates a root filesystem (with uCLibc, BusyBox, and an init script)
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180 that contains just enough infrastructure to boot up to a shell prompt.</p>
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181
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182 <p>The config variable SIMPLE_ROOT_OVERLAY can supplement this stage.</p>
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183 </blockquote>
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184 </li>
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185
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186 <li><b>root-filesystem.sh $TARGET</b>
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187 <blockquote>
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188 <p>Combines the simple root filesystem and native compiler into a single
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189 root filesystem, producing a bootable root filesystem with development
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190 tools.</p>
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191 </blockquote>
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192 </li>
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193
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194 <li><b>root-image.sh $TARGET</b>
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195 <blockquote>
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196 <p>Creates a filesystem image from the root-filesystem
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197 (or simple-root-filesystem) directory. The default is squashfs, but
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198 the config variable SYSIMAGE_TYPE can also select ext2 or initramfs formats.</p>
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199 </blockquote>
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200 </li>
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201
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202 <li><b>linux-kernel.sh $TARGET</b>
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203 <blockquote>
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204 <p>Builds a bootable Linux kernel for the target, generally configured for use
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205 with QEMU.</p>
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206
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207 <p>The kernel configuration combines the sources/baseconfig-linux settings
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208 (which are the same for each $TARGET) with the target-specific LINUX_CONFIG
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209 entries from sources/targets/$TARGET/settings. This configuration mechanism
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210 essentially starts with "allnoconfig" and then switches on each mentioned
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211 symbol, resolving dependencies as it goes, just as if you opened up menuconfig
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212 and set that list of symbols by hand.</p>
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213
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214 <p>Alternately, you could put your own kernel config in
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215 "sources/targets/$TARGET/miniconfig-linux". Or just build your own kernel.</p>
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216 </blockquote>
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217 </li>
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218
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219 <li><b>system-image.sh $TARGET</b>
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220 <blockquote>
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221 <p>Combines the output of root-image and linux-kernel, and adds emulator
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222 launch scripts.</p>
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223
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224 <p>For more information, see the <a href=prebuilt-binaries.html>the binary
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225 docs</a></p>
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226 </blockquote>
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227 </li>
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228 </ul>
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229
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230 <p>The sources/more directory contains additional scripts the user can run,
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231 but which are not called from build.sh. This directory contains the external
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232 user interfaces the user can call directly which are not build stages.
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233 See more/README in the Aboriginal source code for details.</p>
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234
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235 <!--
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236 run-from-build.sh ARCH
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237
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238 Boot up a system image under its emulator, with full native development
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239 environment options (a 2 gigabyte /dev/hdb mounted on /home and distcc
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240 calling out to the appropriate cross compiler).
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241
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242 Note that targets with the hw- prefix are aimed at actual hardware, and do
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243 not have an emulator configured. Hardware targets are derived from an
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244 existing architecture, repackaging the other architecture's root filesystem
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245 with a different Linux kernel configuration.
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246 -->
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247
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248 <!--#include file="footer.html" -->