kdocs: master.idx annotate

annotate master.idx @ 84:598061b944e5

Minor update to mkxmlman.sh.

author	Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
date	Wed, 07 Nov 2007 01:45:27 -0600
parents	4b9263d24970
children	ac8a8db09cd1

rev	line source
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	1 <html>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	2 <title>Linux Kernel Documentation</title>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	3 <body>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	4
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	5 <h2>Linux Kernel Documentation Index</h2>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	6
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	7 <p>This page collects and organizes documentation about the Linux kernel, taken
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	8 from many different sources. What is the kernel, how do you build it, how do
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	9 you use it, how do you change it...</p>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	10
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	11 <p>This is a work in progress, and probably always will be. Please let us know
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	12 on the
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	13 <a href=http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-doc>linux-doc</a> mailing
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	14 list (on vger.kernel.org) about any documentation you'd like added to this
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	15 index, and feel free to ask about any topics that aren't covered here yet.
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	16 This index is maintained by Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>, and tracked in
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	17 <a href=http://landley.net/hg/kdocs>this mercurial repostiory</a>. The
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	18 cannonical location for the page is <a href=http://kernel.org/doc>here</a>.</p>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	19
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	20 <hr>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	21
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	22 <put_index_here>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	23
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	24 <hr>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	25
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	26 <span id="Sources of documentation">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	27
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	28 <p>These are various upstream sources of documentation, many of which are linked
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	29 into the <a href=http://kernel.org/doc>linux kernel documentation index</a>.</p>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	30
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	31 <ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	32 <li><a href=Documentation>Text files in the kernel's Documentation directory.</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	33 <li><a href=htmldocs>Output of kernel's "make htmldocs".</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	34 <li><a href=menuconfig>Menuconfig help</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	35 <li><a href=readme>Linux kernel README files</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	36 <li><a href=xmlman>html version of man-pages package</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	37 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/>Linux Weekly News kernel articles</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	38 <li>Linux Device Drivers book (<a href=http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/>third edition</a>) (<a href=http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/>second edition</a>)</li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	39 <li><a href=ols>Ottawa Linux Symposium papers</li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	40 <li><a href=http://www.linuxjournal.com/xstatic/magazine/archives>Linux Journal archives</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	41 <li><a href=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/linux/library.jsp>IBM Developerworks Linux Library</a> (also <a href=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-kernel/>here</a>)
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	42 </li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	43 <li><a href=http://www.tux.org/lkml/>Linux Kernel Mailing List FAQ</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	44 <li><a href=http://kernelplanet.org>Kernel Planet (blog aggregator)</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	45 <li><a href=video.html>Selected videos of interest</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	46 <li><a href=local>Some locally produced docs</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	47 </ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	48
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	49 <span id="Standards">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	50 <ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	51 <li><a href=http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/>Single Unix Specification v3</a> (Also known as Open Group Base Specifications issue 6, and closely overlapping with Posix. See especially <a href=http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/idx/xsh.html>system interfaces</a>)</li>
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	52 <li>C99 standard (defining the C programming language): <a href=http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards>ISO/IEC C9899 PDF</a> or <a href=http://c0x.coding-guidelines.com/>searchable website</a>.</li>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	53 <li><a href=http://www.linux-foundation.org/spec/refspecs/>Linux Foundation's specs page</a> (ELF, Dwarf, ABI...)</li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	54 </ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	55 </span id="Standards">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	56
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	57 <span id="Translations">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	58 <ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	59 <li><a href=http://tlktp.sourceforge.net/>Linux Kernel Translation Project</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	60 <li><a href=http://kernelnewbies.org/RegionalNewbies>Kernel Newbies regional pages</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	61 <li><a href=http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/index.html>Japanese</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	62 <li><a href=http://zh-kernel.org/docs>Chinese</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	63 </ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	64 </span id="Translations">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	65
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	66 </span id="Sources of documentation">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	67
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	68 <span id="Building from source">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	69 <span id="User interface">
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	70 <p>Building source packages is usually a three step process: configure, build,
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	71 and install.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	72
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	73 <p>The Linux kernel is configured with the command "make menuconfig", built
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	74 with the command "make", and installed either manually or with the command
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	75 "make install".</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	76
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	77 <p>For a description of the make options and targets, type <a href=makehelp.txt>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	78 make help</a>.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	79
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	80 <span id="Get and extract the source">
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	81 <p>The Linux kernel source code is distributed by
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	82 <a href=http://kernel.org>kernel.org</a> as tar archives. Grab the most recent
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	83 "stable" release (using the tiny little letter F link) to grab a file of the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	84 form "linux-2.6.*.tar.bz2" from the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	85 <a href=http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/>Linux 2.6 releases
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	86 directory</a>. Then extract this archive with the command "tar xvjf
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	87 linux-2.6.*.tar.bz2". (Type the command "man tar" for more information on the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	88 tar command.) Then cd into the directory created by extracting the archive.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	89
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	90 <p>To obtain other Linux kernel versions (such as development releases and
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	91 kernels supplied by <a href="#Distibutions">distributions</a>)
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	92 see <a href="Following_Linux_development">Following Linux development</a>.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	93
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	94 <p>To return your linux kernel source directory to its original (unconfigured)
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	95 condition after configuring and building in it, either either delete the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	96 directory with "rm -r" and re-extract it from the tar archive, or run the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	97 command "make distclean".</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	98 </span>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	99
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	100 <span id="Configuring">
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	101
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	102 <p>The Linux configuration system is called <a href=Documentation/kconfig-language.txt>Kconfig</a>.
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	103 The most common user interface for kconfig is menuconfig, an interactive terminal based menuing
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	104 interface invoked through the makefiles via "<b>make menuconfig</b>". A simpler text based
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	105 question and answer interface (which does not require curses support or a tty) is available as
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	106 "<b>make config</b>". Graphical interfaces are available as "<b>make xconfig</b>" (based on QT)
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	107 and "<b>make gconfig</b>" (based on GTK). For more information, see
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	108 <a href=makehelp.txt>make help</a></p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	109
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	110 <p>The configuration interfaces present
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	111
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	112 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	113 <span id="building">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	114 <span id="Building out of tree">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	115 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	116 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	117 <span id="Installing">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	118 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	119 <span id="running">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	120 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	121 <span id="debugging">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	122 <span id="QEMU">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	123 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	124 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	125 <span id="cross compiling">
68 1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	126 <span id="Cross compiling vs native compiling">
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	127 <p>By default, Linux builds for the same architecture the host system is
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	128 running. This is called "native compiling". An x86 system building an x86
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	129 kernel, x86-64 building x86-64, or powerpc building powerpc are all examples
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	130 of native compiling.</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	131
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	132 <p>Building different binaries than the host runs is called cross compiling.
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	133 <a href=http://landley.net/writing/docs/cross-compiling.html>Cross
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	134 compiling is hard</a>. The build system for the Linux kernel supports cross
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	135 compiling via a two step process: 1) Specify a different architecture (ARCH)
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	136 during the configure, make, and install stages. 2) Supply a cross compiler
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	137 (CROSS_COMPILE) which can output the correct kind of binary code. An
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	138 example cross compile command line (building the "arm" architecture) looks
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	139 like:</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	140
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	141 <blockquote>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	142 <pre>make ARCH=arm menuconfig
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	143 make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=armv5l-
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	144 </pre>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	145 </blockquote>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	146
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	147 <p>To specify a different architecture than the host, either define the "ARCH"
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	148 environment variable or else add "ARCH=xxx" to the make command line for each
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	149 of the make config, make, and make install stages. The acceptable values for
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	150 ARCH are the names of the directories in the "arch" subdirectory of the Linux
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	151 kernel source code, see <a href="#Architectures">Architectures</a> for
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	152 details. All stages of the build must use the same ARCH value, and building a
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	153 second architecture in the same source directory requires "make distclean".
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	154 (Just "make clean" isn't sufficient, things like the include/asm symlink need
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	155 to be removed and recreated.)</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	156
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	157 <p>To specify a cross compiler prefix, define the CROSS_COMPILE environment
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	158 variable (or add CROSS_COMPILE= to each make command line). Native compiler
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	159 tools, which output code aimed at the environment they're running in, usually
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	160 have a simple name ("gcc", "ld", "strip"). Cross compilers usually add a
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	161 prefix to the name of each tool, indicating the target they produce code for.
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	162 To tell the Linux kernel build to use a cross compiler named "armv4l-gcc" (and
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	163 corresponding "armv4l-ld" and "armv4l-strip") specify "CROSS_COMPILE=armv4l-".
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	164 (Prefixes ending in a dash are common, and forgetting the trailing dash in
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	165 CROSS_COMPILE is a common mistake. Don't forget to add the cross compiler
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	166 tools to your $PATH.)</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	167 </span>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	168
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	169
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	170
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	171 <span id="User Mode Linux">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	172 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	173 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	174 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	175 <span id="Infrastructure">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	176 <span id="kconfig">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	177 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	178 <span id="kbuild">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	179 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	180 <span id="build and link (tmppiggy)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	181 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	182 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	183 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	184
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	185 <span id="Installing and using the kernel">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	186 <span id="Installing">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	187 <span id="Kernel image">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	188 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	189 <span id="Bootloader">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	190 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	191 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	192 <span id="A working Linux root filesystem">
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	193 <p><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-176-182.pdf>Advanced Boot Scripts</a></p>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	194 <span id="Finding and mounting /">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	195 <span id="initramfs, switch_root vs pivot_root, /dev/console">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	196 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	197 </span>
61 3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	198 <span id="Running programs">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	199 <span id="init program and PID 1">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	200 <span id="What does daemonizing really mean?">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	201 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	202 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	203 <span id="Executable formats">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	204 <p>The Linux kernel runs programs in response to the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	205 <a href=xmlman/man3/exec.html>exec</a> syscall, which is called on a
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	206 file. This file must have the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	207 executable bit set, and must be on a filesystem that implements mmap() and which
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	208 isn't mounted with the "noexec" option. The kernel understands
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	209 several different <a href="#executable_file_formats">executable file
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	210 formats</a>, the most common of which are shell scripts and ELF binaries.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	211 <span id="Shell scripts">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	212 <p>If the first two bytes of an executable file are the characters "#!", the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	213 file is treated as a script file. The kernel parses the first line of the file
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	214 (until the first newline), and the first argument (immediately following
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	215 the #! with no space) is used as absolute path to the script's interpreter,
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	216 which must be an executable file. Any additional arguments on the first
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	217 line of the file (separated by whitespace) are passed as the first arguments
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	218 to that interpreter executable. The interpreter's next argument is the name of
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	219 the script file, followed by the arguments given on the command line.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	220
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	221 <p>To see this behavior in action, run the following:</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	222 <blockquote>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	223 <pre>echo "#!/bin/echo hello" > temp
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	224 chmod +x temp
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	225 ./temp one two three
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	226 </pre>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	227 </blockquote>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	228
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	229 <p>The result should be:</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	230 <blockquote>hello ./temp one two three</blockquote>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	231
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	232 <p>This is how shell scripts, perl, python, and other scripting languages
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	233 work. Even C code can be run as a script by installing the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	234 <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_C_Compiler>tinycc</a> package,
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	235 adding "#!/usr/bin/tcc -run" to the start of the .c file, and setting the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	236 executable bit on the .c file.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	237 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	238 <span id="ELF">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	239 <span id="Shared libraries">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	240 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	241 </span>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	242 </span>
61 3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	243
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	244 <span id="C library">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	245 <p>Most userspace programs access operating system functionality through a C
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	246 library, usually installed at "/lib/libc.so.*". The C library wraps system
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	247 calls, and provides implementations of various standard functions.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	248
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	249 <p>Because almost all other programming languages are implemented in C
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	250 (including python, perl, php, java, javascript, ruby, flash, and just about
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	251 everything else), programs written in other languages also make use of the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	252 C library to access operating system services.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	253
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	254 <p>The most common C library implementations for Linux are
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	255 <a href=http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/6.2/chapter06/glibc.html>glibc</a>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	256 and <a href=http://uClibc.org>uClibc</a>. Both are full-featured
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	257 implementations capable of supporting a full-featured desktop Linux
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	258 distribution.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	259
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	260 <p>The main advantage of glibc is that it's the standard implementation used by the
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	261 largest desktop and server distributions, and has more features than any other
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	262 implementation. The main advantage of uClibc is that it's much smaller and
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	263 simpler than glibc while still implementing almost all the same functionality.
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	264 For comparison, a "hello world" program statically linked against glibc is half
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	265 a megabyte when stripped, while the same program statically linked against
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	266 uClibc strips down to 7k.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	267
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	268 <p>Other commonly used special-purpose C library implementations include
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	269 <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc>klibc</a> and
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	270 <a href=http://www.sourceware.org/newlib/>newlib</a>.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	271
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	272 <span id="Exporting kernel headers">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	273 <p>Building a C library from source code requires a special set
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	274 of Linux kernel header files, which describe the API of the specific version
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	275 of the Linux kernel the C library will interface with. However, the header
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	276 files in the kernel source code are designed to build the kernel and contain
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	277 a lot of internal information that would only confuse userspace. These
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	278 kernel headers must be "exported", filtering them for use by user space.</p>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	279
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	280 <p>Modern Linux kernels (based on 2.6.19.1 and newer) export kernel headers via
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	281 the "make headers_install" command. See
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	282 <a href=Documentation/make/headers_install.txt>exporting kernel headers for
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	283 use by userspace</a> for more information.</p>
61 3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	284 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	285 </span>
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	286 <span id="Dynamic loader">
3ea83bc83471 Add a little initial content under "Installing and using the kernel". Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 53 diff changeset	287 </span>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	288 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	289 <span id="FHS directories">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	290 <p>FHS spec</p>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	291 <a href="pending/hotplug.txt">populating /dev from sysfs</a>.
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	292 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	293 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	294 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	295
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	296 <span id="Reading the source code">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	297 <span id="Source code layout">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	298 <span id="Following the boot process">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	299 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	300 <span id="Major subsystems">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	301 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	302 <span id="Architectures">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	303 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	304 </span>
49 aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	305 <span id="Concept vs implementation">
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	306 <p>Often the first implementation of a concept gets replaced.
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	307 Journaling != reiserfs, virtualization != xen, devfs gave way to udev...
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	308 Don't let your excitement for the concept blind you to the possibility
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	309 of alternate implementations.</p>
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	310 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	311 <span id="Concepts">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	312 <span id="rbtree">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	313 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	314 <span id="rcu">
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	315 <p>RCU stands for "Read Copy Update". The technique is a lockless way to manage data structures
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	316 (such as linked lists or trees) on SMP systems, using a specific sequence of reads and updates,
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	317 plus a garbage collection step, to avoid the need for locks in both the read and the update
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	318 paths.</p>
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	319
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	320 <p>RCU was invented by Paul McKenney, who maintains an excellent page of
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	321 <a href=http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/>RCU documentation</a>.
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	322 The Linux kernel also contains some <a href=Documentation/RCU>additional RCU
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	323 Documentation</a>.</p>
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	324
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	325 <p>RCU cannot be configured out of the kernel, but the kconfig symbol
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	326 <a href=menuconfig/lib-Kconfig.debug.html#RCU_TORTURE_TEST>CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST</a> controls the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	327 <a href=Documentation/RCU/torture.txt>RCU Torture test module</a>.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	328
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	329 <p>References:</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	330 <ul>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	331 <li><a href=ols/2001/read-copy.pdf>Read-Copy Update</a> (OLS 2001)</li>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	332 </ul>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	333
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	334 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	335 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	336 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	337
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	338 <span id="Kernel infrastructure">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	339 <span id="Process Scheduler">
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	340
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	341 <span id="History of the Linux Process Scheduler">
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	342 <p>The original Linux process scheduler was a simple design based on
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	343 a goodness() function that recalculated the priority of every task at every
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	344 context switch, to find the next task to switch to. This served almost
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	345 unchanged through the 2.4 series, but didn't scale to large numbers of
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	346 processes, nor to SMP. By 2001 there were calls for
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	347 change (such as the OLS paper <a href=ols/2001/elss.pdf>Enhancing Linux
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	348 Scheduler Scalability</a>), and the issue
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	349 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020107_149.html#1>came to a head</a> in December 2001.</p>
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	350
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	351 <p>In January 2002, Ingo Molnar
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	352 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020114_150.html#4>introduced the "O(1)" process scheduler</a> for the 2.5 kernel series, a design
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	353 based on separate "active" and "expired" arrays, one per processor. As the name
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	354 implied, this found the next task to switch to in constant time no matter
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	355 how many processes the system was running.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	356
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	357 <p>Other developers (<a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020513_166.html#4>such as Con Colivas</a>) started working on it,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	358 and began a period of extensive scheduler development. The early history
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	359 of Linux O(1) scheduler development was covered by the website Kernel
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	360 Traffic.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	361
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	362 <p>During 2002 this work included
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	363 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020121_151.html#8>preemption</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	364 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020121_151.html#9>User Mode Linux support</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	365 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020211_153.html#2>new drops</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	366 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020211_153.html#7>runtime tuning</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	367 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020304_156.html#6>NUMA support</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	368 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020429_164.html#4>cpu affinity</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	369 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020617_171.html#4>scheduler hints</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	370 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020701_173.html#1>64-bit support</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	371 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020715_175.html#5>backports to the 2.4 kernel</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	372 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020715_175.html#4>SCHED_IDLE</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	373 discussion of <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20020729_177.html#1>gang scheduling</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	374 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20021014_188.html#4>more NUMA</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	375 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20021118_192.html#9>even more NUMA</a>). By the end of 2002, the O(1) scheduler was becoming
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	376 the standard <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20021223_197.html#1>even in the 2.4 series</a>.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	377
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	378 <p>2003 saw support added for
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	379 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030124_202.html#14>hyperthreading as a NUMA variant</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	380 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030330_211.html#3>interactivity bugfix</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	381 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030616_219.html#4>starvation and affinity bugfixes</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	382 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030616_219.html#8>more NUMA improvements</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	383 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030811_227.html#2>interactivity improvements</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	384 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20030811_227.html#8>even more NUMA improvements</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	385 a proposal for <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20031026_237.html#7>Variable Scheduling Timeouts</a> (the first rumblings of what
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	386 would later come to be called "dynamic ticks"),
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	387 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20031201_243.html#10>more on hyperthreading</a>...</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	388
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	389 <p>In 2004 there was work on <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20040120_248.html#2>load balancing and priority handling</a>, and
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	390 <a href=http://mirell.org/kernel-traffic/kernel-traffic/kt20040212_252.html#5>still more work on hyperthreading</a>...</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	391
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	392 <p>In 2004 developers proposed several extensive changes to the O(1) scheduler.
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	393 Linux Weekly News wrote about Nick Piggin's
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	394 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/80911/>domain-based scheduler</a>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	395 and Con Colivas' <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/87729/>staircase scheduler</a>. The follow-up article <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/96554/>Scheduler tweaks get serious</a> covers both. Nick's scheduling domains
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	396 were merged into the 2.6 series.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	397
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	398 <p>Linux Weekly News also wrote about other scheduler work:</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	399
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	400 <ul>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	401 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/83633/>Filtered wakeups</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	402 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/105366/>When should a process be migrated</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	403 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/109458/>Pluggable and realtime schedulers</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	404 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/120797/>Low latency for audio applications:</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	405 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/176635/>Solving starvation problems in the scheduler:</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	406 <li><a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/186438/>SMPnice</a></li>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	407 </ul>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	408
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	409 <p>In 2007, Con Colivas proposed a new scheduler, <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/224865/>The Rotating Staircase Deadline Scheduler</a>, which
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	410 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/226054/>hit a snag</a>. Ingo
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	411 Molnar came up with a new scheduler, which he named the
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	412 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/230501/>Completely Fair Scheduler</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	413 described in the LWN writeups
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	414 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/230574/>Schedulers: the plot thickens</a>,
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	415 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/231672/>this week in the scheduling discussion</a>, and
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	416 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/240474/>CFS group scheduling</a>.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	417
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	418 <p>The CFS scheduler was merged into 2.6.23.</p>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	419 </span>
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	420
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	421 <span id="fork, exec">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	422 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	423 <span id="sleep">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	424 </span>
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	425 <span id="realtime">
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	426 <p><a href=ols/2001/rtai.pdf>The Real-Time Application Interface</a> (OLS 2001, obsolete)</a></p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	427 </span>
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	428 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	429 <span id="Timers">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	430 <span id="Interrupt handling">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	431 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	432 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	433 <span id="memory management">
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	434 <ul>
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	435 <li><a href="gorman">Understanding the Linux Virtual Memory Manager</a>, online book by Mel Gorman.</li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	436 <li> What every programmer should know about memory, article series by Ulrich Drepper,
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	437 parts
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	438 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/250967/>one</a>,
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	439 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/252125/>two</a>,
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	440 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/253361/>three</a>,
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	441 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/254445/>four</a>.
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	442 </li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	443 <li>Ars technica ram guide, article series by Jon "Hannibal" Stokes, parts
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	444 <a href=http://arstechnica.com/paedia/r/ram_guide/ram_guide.part1-1.html>one</a>,
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	445 <a href=http://arstechnica.com/paedia/r/ram_guide/ram_guide.part1-1.html>two</a>,
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	446 <a href=http://arstechnica.com/paedia/r/ram_guide/ram_guide.part3-1.html>three</a></li>
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	447 </ul>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	448 <span id="mmap, DMA">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	449 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	450 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	451 <span id="vfs">
68 1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	452 <span id="Pipes, files, and ttys">
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	453 <p>A pipe can be read from or written to, transmitting a sequence of bytes
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	454 in order.</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	455
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	456 <p>A file can do what a pipe can, and adds the ability to seek to a location,
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	457 query the current location, and query the length of the file (all of which are
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	458 an integer number off bytes from the beginning of the file).</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	459
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	460 <p>A tty can do what a pipe can, and adds a speed (in bits per second)
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	461 and cursor location (X and Y, with the upper left corner at 0,0). Oh, and
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	462 you can make it go beep.</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	463
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	464 <p>Note that you can't call lseek() on a tty and you can't call termios
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	465 (man 3 termios) functions on a file. Each can be treated as a pipe.</p>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	466 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	467 <span id="Filesystems">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	468 <span id="Types of filesystems (see /proc/filesystems)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	469 <span id="Block backed">
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	470 <span id="ext2">
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	471 <ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	472 <li><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-117-129.pdf>Online ext2 and ext3 Filesystem Resizing</a> (OLS 2002)</li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	473 </ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	474 </span>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	475 <span id="jffs2">
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	476 <ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	477 <li><a href=ols/2001/jffs2.pdf>JFFS: The Journalling Flash Filesystem</a> (OLS 2001)</li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	478 </ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	479 </span>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	480 <span id="vxfs">
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	481 <ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	482 <li><a href=menuconfig/fs-Kconfig.html#VXFS_FS>CONFIG_VXFS_FS</a></li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	483 <li><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-191-196.pdf>Reverse engineering an advanced filesystem</a></li>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	484 </ul>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	485 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	486 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	487 <span id="Ram backed">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	488 <span id="ramfs">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	489 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	490 <span id="tmpfs">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	491 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	492 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	493 <span id="Synthetic">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	494 <span id="proc">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	495 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	496 <span id="sys">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	497 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	498 <span id="internal (pipefs)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	499 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	500 <span id="usbfs">
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	501 http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/x173.html
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	502 http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/c607.html
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	503 http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7466
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	504 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	505 <span id="devpts">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	506 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	507 <span id="rootfs">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	508 </span>
53 87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	509 <span id="devfs (obsolete)">
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	510 <p>Devfs was the first attempt to do a dynamic /dev directory which could change
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	511 in response to hotpluggable hardware, by doing the seemingly obvious thing of
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	512 creating a kernel filesystem to mount on /dev which would adjust itself as
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	513 the kernel detected changes in the available hardware.</p>
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	514
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	515 <p>Devfs was an interesting learning experience, but turned out to be the wrong
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	516 approach, and was replaced by sysfs and udev. Devfs was removed in kernel
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	517 version 2.6.18. See
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	518 <a href=local/hotplug-history.html>the history of hotplug</a> for details.</p>
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	519
87598e3a8e3c Quick note about devfs (obsolete) and first half of hotplug-history.html. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 49 diff changeset	520 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	521 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	522 <span id="Network">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	523 <span id="nfs">
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	524 <p><a href=ols/2001/nfsv4_ols.pdf>Linux NFS Version 4: Implementation and Administration</a> (OLS 2001)</a></p>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	525 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	526 <span id="smb/cifs">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	527 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	528 <span id="FUSE">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	529 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	530 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	531 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	532 <span id="Filesystem drivers">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	533 <span id="Using">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	534 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	535 <span id="Writing">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	536 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	537 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	538 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	539 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	540
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	541 <span id="Drivers">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	542 <span id="Filesystem">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	543 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	544 <span id="Block (block layer, scsi layer)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	545 <span id="SCSI layer">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	546 <ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	547 <li><a href="Documentation/scsi">Documentation/scsi</a> scsi.txt scsi_mid_low_api.txt scsi-generic.txt scsi_eh.txt</li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	548 <li><a href="http://sg.torque.net/sg/p/sg_v3_ho.html">SCSI Generic (sg) HOWTO</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	549 <li><a href="xmlman/man4/sd.html">man 4 sd</a></li>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	550 <li><a href="http://www.t10.org/scsi-3.htm">SCSI standards</a></li>
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	551 <li><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-40-49.pdf>Incrementally Improving the Linux SCSI Subsystem</a> (OLS 2002)</li>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	552 </ul>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	553 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	554 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	555 <span id="Character">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	556 <span id="serial">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	557 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	558 <span id="keyboard">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	559 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	560 <span id="tty">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	561 <span id="pty">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	562 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	563 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	564 <span id="audio">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	565 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	566 <span id="null">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	567 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	568 <span id="random/urandom">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	569 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	570 <span id="zero">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	571 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	572 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	573 <span id="DRI">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	574 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	575 <span id="Network">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	576 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	577 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	578
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	579 <span id="Hotplug">
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	580 <p><a href=http://kernel.org/ols/2001/hotplug.pdf>Hotpluggable devices and the Linux kernel</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	581 <p><a href=local/hotplug-history.html>The history of hotplug</a></p>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	582 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	583 <span id="Input core">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	584 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	585 <span id="Network">
68 1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	586 <pre>
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	587 physical
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	588 plip
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	589 serial/slip/ppp
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	590 ethernet
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	591 routing
1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	592 ipv4
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	593 ipv6
68 1f41643cfe8e Move and update the cross compile stuff, note differences between pipe/file/tty, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 67 diff changeset	594 </pre>
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	595 <p><a href=ols/2001/mipl.pdf>MIPL Mobile IPv6 for Linux in HUT Campus Network MediaPoli</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	596 <p><a href=ols/2001/sctp.pdf>Linux Kernel SCTP: The Third Transport</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	597 <p><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-8-30.pdf>TCPIP Network Stack Performance in Linux Kernel 2.4 and 2.5</a></p>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	598 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	599 <span id="Modules">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	600 <span id="Exported symbols">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	601 <p>EXPORT_SYMBOL() vs EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()</p>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	602 <p>List of exported symbols.</p>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	603 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	604 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	605 <span id="Busses">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	606 </span>
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	607 <span id="Security">
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	608 <span id="Traditional Unix security model">
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	609 Users, groups, files (rwx), signals.
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	610 </span>
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	611 <span id="More complicated security models">
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	612 <p>The traditional Unix security model is too simple to satisfy the
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	613 certification requirements of large corporate and governmental organizations,
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	614 so several add-on security models have been implemented to increase
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	615 complexity. There is some debate as to which of these (if any) are actually an
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	616 improvement.</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	617
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	618 <span id="Posix capabilities">
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	619 http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/hardened/capabilities.xml
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	620 </span>
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	621 <span id="SELinux">
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	622 <p><a href=ols/2001/selinux.pdf>Meeting Critical Security Objectives with Security-Enhanced Linux</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	623 <p><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-65-72.pdf>SE Debian: how to make NSA SE LInux work in a distribution</a> (OLS 2002)</p>
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	624 </span>
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	625 </span>
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	626 <span id="Encryption">
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	627 <p><a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-73-92.pdf>The Long Road to the Advanced Encryption Standard</a></p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	628 </span>
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	629 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	630 <span id="API (how userspace talks to the kernel)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	631 <span id="Syscalls">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	632 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	633 <span id="ioctls">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	634 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	635 <span id="executable file formats">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	636 <span id="a.out">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	637 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	638 <span id="elf">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	639 <span id="css, bss, etc.">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	640 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	641 </span>
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	642 <span id="scripts">
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	643 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	644 <span id="flat">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	645 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	646 <span id="misc">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	647 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	648 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	649 <span id="Device nodes">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	650 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	651 <span id="Pipes (new pipe infrastructure)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	652 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	653 <span id="Synthetic filesystems (as API)">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	654 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	655 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	656 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	657
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	658 <span id="Hardware">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	659 <span id="Architectures">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	660 <pre>
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	661 alpha
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	662 arm
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	663 avr32
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	664 blackfin
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	665 cris
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	666 frv
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	667 h8300
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	668 i386
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	669 ia64
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	670 m32r
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	671 m68k
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	672 m68knommu
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	673 <a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-130-145.pdf>Running Linux on a DSP: Exploiting the Computational Resources of a programmable DSP Micro-Processor with uClinux</a> (OLS 2002)
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	674 mips
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	675 parisc
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	676 <a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-183-190.pdf>Porting Drivers to HP ZX1</a>
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	677 powerpc
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	678 <a href=ols/2001/iseries.pdf>The Linux Kernel on iSeries</a> (OLS 2001)
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	679 <a href=ols/2001/ppc64.pdf>PowerPC 64-bit Kernel Internals</a> (OLS 2001)
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	680 <a href=http://perso.magic.fr/l_indien/qemu-ppc/PowerPC_ref/PowerPC_ref.html>PowerPC implementation reference for QEMU</a>
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	681 ppc
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	682 s390
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	683 sh
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	684 sh64
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	685 sparc
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	686 sparc64
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	687 um
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	688 <a href=ols/2001/uml.pdf>User-Mode Linux</a> (OLS 2001)
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	689 <a href=ols/2002/ols2002-pages-107-116.pdf>Making Linux Safe for Virtual Machines</a> (OLS 2002)
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	690 v850
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	691 x86_64
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	692 <a href=ols/2001/x86-64.pdf>Porting Linux to x86-64</a> (OLS 2001)
67 992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	693 xtensa
992a411c98b6 History of the process scheduler, notes about cross compiling, and some tweaks. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 62 diff changeset	694
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	695 include/asm-generic
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	696 uml
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	697 </pre>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	698 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	699 <span id="DMA, IRQ, MMU (mmap), IOMMU, port I/O">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	700 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	701 <span id="Busses">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	702 <span id="PCI, USB">
69 0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	703 http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html
0c10e3aad7d2 RCU and more notes. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 68 diff changeset	704 Documentation/usb
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	705 <p><a href=ols/2001/pci.pdf>PCIComm: A Linux Device Driver for Communication over PCI Shared Memory</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	706 <p><a href=ols/2001/powertweak.pdf>Linux performance tuning using Powertweak</a> (OLS 2001)</p>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	707 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	708 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	709 </span>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	710
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	711 <span id="Following Linux development">
75 baf5a8bc72a0 Sprinkle in the OLS 2001 papers. (Several were about user space only things, Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 69 diff changeset	712 <span id="Distibutions">
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	713 </span>
49 aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	714 <span id="Releases">
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	715 <span id="Source control">
79 4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	716
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	717 <p>Linux releases from 0.0.1 through 2.4.x used no source control system, just
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	718 release tarballs. Releases 2.5.0 through 2.6.12-rc2 used a proprietary
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	719 source control system called BitKeeper. Releases 2.6.12-rc2 through the
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	720 present use a source control system called git.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	721
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	722 <p>Early Linux development didn't use source control. Instead Linus would
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	723 apply patches to his copy of the source, and periodically release tarball
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	724 snapshots of his development tree with a hand-edited changelog file noting who
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	725 contributed each patch he'd applied. Most of these patches were posted to the
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	726 Linux Kernel Mailing List, and with a little effort could be fished out of the
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	727 mailing list archives.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	728
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	729 <p>This worked for many years, but didn't scale as Linux development grew.
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	730 Eventually the issue came to a head [link], and after some discussion Linus
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	731 decided to use a proprietary distributed source control system called
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	732 BitKeeper for the 2.5 development branch. Linux releases v2.5.0 through
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	733 v2.6.12-rc2 were put out this way.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	734
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	735 <p>Linux development no longer uses BitKeeper, due to the sudden
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	736 <a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/130746/>expiration of the
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	737 "Don't piss off Larry license"</a> under which BitKeeper was made available
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	738 to the Linux community (<a href=http://lwn.net/Articles/132938/>more here</a>).
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	739 This prompted Linus to take a month off from Linux development to write his own
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	740 distributed source control system, git. This is why the current source control
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	741 history in the main git development repository goes back to 2.6.12-rc2.
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	742 (The revision history from the BitKeeper era was later
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	743 <a href=http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git;a=summary>converted to git</a>, but remains separate for historical reasons.)</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	744
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	745 <p>Linus initially chose BitKeeper because he wanted a distributed source
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	746 control system, and the open source alternatives available at the time were
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	747 all centralized source control systems.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	748
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	749 <p>In a distributed source control
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	750 system, every user has a complete copy of the project's entire revision
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	751 history, which they can add their own changes to locally. A centralized source
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	752 control system requires a single central location, with user accounts to
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	753 control access and either locking the tree or rejecting attempts to apply out
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	754 of date patches. A distributed source control system is instead designed to
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	755 download and merge changes from many different repositories after they're
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	756 checked in to those other repositories. The source control system handles
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	757 almost all of this merging automatically, because it can trace the changes in
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	758 each repository back to a common ancestor, and then use three-way merge
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	759 algorithms to better understand the changes. (Patches don't indicate
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	760 which version they apply to. A distributed source control system has
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	761 more information avialable to it, and uses that information to automatically
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	762 merge changes more effectively.)</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	763
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	764 <p>This allows Linux subsystem maintainers to develop
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	765 and test their own local versions, then send changes to Linus in large batches
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	766 (without smearing together the individual patches they committed), and finally
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	767 resync with Linus's repository to get everyone else's changes. Open source
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	768 development is already distributed, so distributed source control is a better
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	769 fit. In this development model, Linus's repository serves as a coordination
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	770 point, but not a development bottleneck for anything except putting out
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	771 releases (which come from Linus's repository).</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	772
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	773 <p>Linus described the appeal of distributed source control, and his reasons
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	774 for developing git, in the Google Video tech talk
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	775 <a href=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2199332044603874737>Linus Torvalds on git</a>.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	776
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	777 <p>To get started with git, see <a href=local/git-quick.html>git quickstart</a>.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	778
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	779 <p>The linux kernel source is also available as a
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	780 <a href=http://kernel.org/hg/linux-2.6>mercurial repository</a>, another
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	781 popular open source distributed source control system.</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	782
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	783 <p>This paper still serves as a decent introduction to distributed source
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	784 control: <a href=http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-197-212.pdf>BitKeeper
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	785 for Kernel Development</a> (OLS 2002, obsolete)</p>
4b9263d24970 More links, and some material on the history of Linux source control. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 75 diff changeset	786
49 aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	787 </span>
aa424ac2ce30 Generate index.html from master.idx. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 47 diff changeset	788 </span>
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	789 <span id="community">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	790 <pre>
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	791 CATB
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	792 http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	793 http://www.tux.org/lkml/
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	794 lwn, kernel traffic, kernelplanet.
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	795 http://www.kernel.org/faq
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	796 http://www.kernel.org/kdist/rss.xml
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	797 git/mercurial
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	798 Documentation/{CodingStyle,SubmitChecklist}
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	799 The four layer (developer, maintainer, subsystem, linus) model.
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	800 Politics
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	801 Stable API nonsense
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	802 Why reiser4 not in.
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	803 </pre>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	804 </span id="community">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	805 <span id="Submitting Patches">
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	806 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	807 </span>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	808
39 33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	809
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	810 <span id="Glossary">
33e0b133a517 Skeleton source file for the master index. Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: diff changeset	811 </span>
47 0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	812 </body>
0df6348fc276 Teach indexsections to output index and contents in one pass, and put index Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> parents: 40 diff changeset	813 </html>

Mercurial > hg > kdocs

annotate master.idx @ 84:598061b944e5