Mercurial > hg > aboriginal
annotate www/FAQ.html @ 1225:39fda120621c
Fluff out the debugging section of the FAQ a bit more, explaining EXTRACT_ALL and NO_SANITIZE_ENVIRONMENT.
| author | Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 23 Aug 2010 00:28:41 -0500 |
| parents | f66d99bb00f9 |
| children | 8a88cae14011 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 889 | 1 <html> |
| 2 <!--#include file="header.html" --> | |
| 3 <title>Frequently Asked Questions</title> | |
| 4 | |
| 5 <ul> | |
| 6 <li><p><a href=#where_start>Q: Where do I start?</a></p></li> | |
| 7 | |
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8 <li><p><a href=#source_tour>Q: What's all this source code for?</a></p></li> |
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9 |
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10 <li><p><a href=#name_change>Q: Didn't this used to be called Firmware Linux?</a></p></li> |
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11 |
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12 <li><p><a href=#add_package>Q: How do I add $PACKAGE to my system image's root filesystem?</a></p></li> |
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13 |
| 889 | 14 <li><p><a href=#ubuntu_mispackaged_qemu>Q: ./run-emulator.sh says qemu-system-mips isn't found, but I installed qemu. Why isn't this working?</a></p></li> |
| 15 | |
| 16 <li><p><a href=#case_sensitive_patch>Q: I added my uClibc patch to sources/patches but it didn't do anything, what's wrong?</a></p></li> | |
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17 |
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18 <li><p><a href=#package_breaks>Q: Why did package build $NAME die because it couldn't find $PREREQUISITE, even though it's installed?</a></p></li> |
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19 |
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20 <li><p><a href=#environment_sanitizing>Q: Why isn't the build listening to the environment variables I set?</p></li> |
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21 |
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22 <li><p><a href=#debugging><h1>Debugging questions</h1></a></p></li> |
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23 |
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24 <ul> |
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25 <li><p><a href=#debug_logging>Q: How do I get better log output?</p></li> |
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26 <li><p><a href=#debug_source>Q: How do I play around with package source code?</p></li> |
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27 <ul> |
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28 <li><p><a href=#debug_package_cache>Q: What's the package cache for?</a></p></li> |
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29 <li><p><a href=#debug_working_copies>Q: What are working copies for?</a></p></li> |
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30 </ul> |
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31 </ul> |
| 889 | 32 </ul> |
| 33 | |
| 34 <a name=where_start /><h2>Q: Where do I start?</h2> | |
| 35 | |
| 36 <p>The project provides development and test environments for lots of different | |
| 37 hardware platforms, based on busybox and uClibc and configured to run under | |
| 38 QEMU.</p> | |
| 39 | |
| 40 <p>Most people want to do one of three things:</p> | |
| 41 | |
| 42 <li><p>Download a prebuilt system image, boot it up under the emulator, and | |
| 43 compile stuff natively for a target.</p> | |
| 44 | |
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45 <p>Go <a href=screenshots>here</a> and download the appropriate |
| 889 | 46 system-image-<b>$ARCH</b>.tar.bz2 for your $TARGET, extract it, cd into it, |
| 47 and <b>./run-emulator.sh</b> to boot it under qemu.</p> | |
| 48 | |
| 49 <p>Alternately, you can run the script <b>./development-environment.sh</b>, | |
| 50 which is a wrapper around run-emulator.sh that feeds QEMU extra options to add | |
| 51 memory (256 megs) and writeable disk space (a blank 2 gigabyte disk image | |
| 52 mounted on /home) to provide a more capable development environment.</p> | |
| 53 | |
| 54 <p>The system images contain native compiler toolchains, but if you install | |
| 55 distccd on the host and add the appropriate cross compiler to your host's | |
| 56 $PATH, the ./run-emulator.sh script will detect this and set up the system | |
| 57 image to automatically use distcc to call out to the cross compiler through | |
| 58 the virtual network, speeding up native builds significantly.<p> | |
| 59 </li> | |
| 60 | |
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61 <li><p>Build your own cross compilers and system images from source, using |
| 889 | 62 the build scripts.</p> |
| 63 | |
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64 <p>Go to the <a href=downloads>downloads directory</a>, grab the most recent |
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65 release tarball, extract it, and run <b>./build.sh</b> to list |
| 889 | 66 the available targets. The run <b>./build.sh $TARGET</b> to compile |
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67 the one you like. The results wind up in the "build" directory.</p> |
| 889 | 68 |
| 69 <p>The build scripts are written in bash, and fairly extensively commented. | |
| 70 All the scripts at the top level are designed to be run directly, and | |
| 71 build.sh is just a wrapper script that calls them in order. The less commonly | |
| 72 used scripts in <b>sources/more</b> are also designed to be run directly.</p> | |
| 73 | |
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74 <p>A large number of variables can be set to configure the build, either |
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75 by modifying the file "config" (which documents them all) or by exporting |
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76 them as environment variables.</p> |
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77 |
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78 <p>To grab the latest development version of the build scripts out of the |
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79 source control system, go to the |
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80 <a href=http://impactlinux.com/hg/aboriginal>mercurial archive</a>. |
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81 If you don't want to install mercurial, you can grab a |
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82 <a href=http://impactlinux.com/hg/aboriginal/archive/tip.tar.bz2>tarball</a> of the current code at |
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83 any time.</p> |
| 889 | 84 </li> |
| 85 | |
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86 <ul> |
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87 <li><p>Download a prebuilt cross compiler and cross-compile stuff with it.</p> |
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88 |
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89 <p>Go <a href=screenshots>here</a> and download the appropriate |
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90 cross-compiler-<b>$TARGET</b>.tar.bz2 for your $TARGET, extract it, add its |
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91 "bin" directory to your $PATH, and use the appropriate $TARGET-cc and |
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92 $TARGET-ld and so on to compile your program. (The tool names have prefixes |
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93 so they can be in the same $PATH as your host's existing compiler.)</p> |
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94 </li> |
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95 |
| 889 | 96 </ul> |
| 97 | |
| 98 <p>If all else fails, look at the pretty | |
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99 <a href=screenshots>screenshots</a>.</p> |
| 889 | 100 |
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101 <a name=source_tour /><h2>Q: What's all this source code for?</h2> |
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102 |
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103 <p>A: The basic outline is:</p> |
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104 |
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105 <ul> |
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106 <li><p><b>Top level</b> - The build stages. The file build.sh calls the rest of these scripts in order (but you can call 'em directly too), and the file config lists all the envirionment variables you can set to change the default behavior.</p></li> |
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107 |
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108 <li><p><b>sources</b> - Infrastructure files which you don't call directly.</p></li> |
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109 |
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110 <li><p><b>more</b> - Additional scripts you can call directly to do various things, but which aren't build stages. They have comments near the top describing what they do.</p></li> |
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111 |
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112 <li><p><b>build</b> - Directory generated output goes into. All the output of running a build winds up in here, and "rm -rf build" is essentially "make clean".</p></li> |
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113 |
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114 <li><p><b>packages</b> - Downloaded source packages. If you "rm -rf packages", |
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115 the script download.sh re-populates it by calling wget on various URLs.</p></li> |
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116 </ul> |
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117 |
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118 <a name=name_change /><h2>Q: Didn't this used to be called Firmware Linux?</h2> |
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119 |
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120 <p>A: Yup. The name changed shortly before the 1.0 release in 2010.</p> |
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121 |
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122 <p>The name "Aboriginal Linux" is based on a synonym for "native", as in |
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123 native compiling. It implies it's the first Linux on a new system, and also |
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124 that it can be replaced. It turns a system into something you can do |
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125 native development in, terraforming your environment so you can use it |
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126 to natively build your deployment environment (which may be something else |
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127 entirely).</p> |
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128 |
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129 <p>Aboriginal Linux is cross compiled, but after it boots you shouldn't need |
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130 to do any more cross compiling. (Except optionally using the cross compiler |
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131 as a native building accelerator via distcc.) Hence our motto, |
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132 "We cross compile so you don't have to".</p> |
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133 |
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134 <p>The old name didn't describe the project very well. (It also had tens |
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135 of millions of Google hits, most of which weren't this project.) If you're |
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136 really bored, there's a page on <a href=history.html>the history of the |
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137 project</a>.</p> |
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138 |
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139 <a name=add_package /><h2>Q: How do I add $PACKAGE to my system image's root filesystem?</h2> |
| 889 | 140 |
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141 <p>A: Use the rw-system-image instead of the system-image. This gives |
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142 you a writeable root filesystem with enough extra space to install your |
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143 package in.</p> |
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144 |
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145 <p>FWL builds squashfs images by default, and the prebuilt binary tarballs in |
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146 the downloads/binaries directory are built with the default values. Squashfs |
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147 is a read-only compressed filesystem, which means it's pretty durable (you |
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148 never need to fsck it), but also a bit limiting. The dev-environment.sh |
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149 script attaches a 2 gigabyte ext2 image to /dev/hdb (which is mounted on |
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150 /home) so you always have writeable space to build stuff in, but that doesn't |
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151 let you modify the root filesystem on /dev/hda: you can't install packages |
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152 you build into /bin and such on a read-only root filesystem.</p> |
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153 |
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154 <p>The "SYSIMAGE_TYPE" and "SYSIMAGE_HDA_MEGS" config entries let you change |
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155 the default system image type generated by the system-image.sh script. You |
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156 can edit the file "config" or specify them as environment variables, ala:</p> |
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157 |
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158 <blockquote><pre> |
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159 SYSIMAGE_TYPE=ext2 SYSIMAGE_HDA_MEGS=2048 ./build.sh $TARGET |
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160 </pre></blockquote> |
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161 |
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162 <p>That creates a 2 gigabyte ext2 image, which you can boot into and install |
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163 packages natively under, using the "./run-from-build.sh $TARGET" script. |
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164 If you've already built a system image, you can repackage the existing root |
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165 filesystem by just running system-image.sh (instead of the whole build.sh). |
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166 As always, your new system image is created in the "build" subdirectory.</p> |
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167 |
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168 <p>Note: since this is a writeable image, you'll have to fsck it. You can |
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169 also use "tune2fs -j" to turn it into an ext3 image.</p> |
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170 |
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171 <p>(You can also use the BUILD_RW_SYSTEM_IMAGE environment variable, which |
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172 tells build.sh to package the system image two ways, creating a |
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173 rw-system-image tarball with the above options.)</p> |
| 889 | 174 |
| 175 <a name=ubuntu_mispackaged_qemu /><h2>Q: ./run-emulator.sh says qemu-system-$TARGET isn't found, but I installed the qemu package and the executable "qemu" is there. Why isn't this working?</h2> | |
| 176 | |
| 177 <p>A: You're using Ubuntu, aren't you? You need to install | |
| 178 "qemu-kvm-extras" to get the non-x86 targets.</p> | |
| 179 | |
| 180 <p>The Ubuntu developers have packaged qemu in an <strike>actively | |
| 181 misleading</strike> "interesting" way. They've confused the emulator QEMU | |
| 182 with the virtualizer KVM.</p> | |
| 183 | |
| 184 <p>QEMU is an emulator that supports multiple hardware | |
| 185 targets, translating the target code into host code a page at a time. KVM | |
| 186 stands for Kernel Virtualization Module, a kernel module which allows newer x86 | |
| 187 chips with support for the "VT" extension to run x86 code in a virtual | |
| 188 container.</p> | |
| 189 | |
| 190 <p>The KVM project started life as a fork of QEMU (replacing QEMU's CPU | |
| 191 emulation with a kernel module providing VT virtualization support, but | |
| 192 using QEMU's device emulation for I/O), but KVM only ever offered a | |
| 193 small subset of the functionality of QEMU, and current versions of QEMU have | |
| 194 merged KVM support into the base package. (QEMU 0.11.0 can automatically | |
| 195 detect and use the KVM module as an accelerator, where appropriate.)</p> | |
| 196 | |
| 197 <p>It's a bit like the X11 project providing a "drm" module (for 3D acceleration | |
| 198 and such), which was integrated upstream into the Linux kernel. The Linux | |
| 199 kernel was never part of the X11 project, and vice versa, and pretending the | |
| 200 two projects were the same thing would be wrong.</p> | |
| 201 | |
| 202 <p>That said, on Ubuntu the "qemu" package is an alias for "qemu-kvm", a | |
| 203 package which only supports i386 and x86_64 (because that's all KVM supports | |
| 204 when running on an x86 PC). In order to install the rest of qemu (support | |
| 205 for emulating arm, mips, powerpc, sh4, and so on), you need to install | |
| 206 the "qemu-kvm-extras" package (which despite the name has nothing whatsoever | |
| 207 to do with KVM).</p> | |
| 208 | |
| 209 <p>Support for non-x86 targets is part of the base package when you build QEMU | |
| 210 from source. If you ignore Ubuntu's packaging insanity and build QEMU | |
| 211 from source, you shouldn't have to worry about this strangely named | |
| 212 artificial split.</p> | |
| 213 | |
| 214 <a name=case_sensitive_patch /><h2>Q: I added a uClibc patch to sources/patches but it didn't do anything, what's wrong?</h2> | |
| 215 | |
| 216 <p>The Linux filesystem is case sensitive, so the patch has to start with | |
| 217 "uClibc-" with a capital C.</p> | |
| 218 | |
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219 <a name=package_breaks /><h2>Q: Why did the $NAME package build die |
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220 with a complaint that it couldn't find $PREREQUISITE, even though that's |
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221 installed on the host? (For example, distcc and python.)</h2> |
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222 |
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223 <p>Because you skipped the host-tools.sh step, and because installing a package |
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224 on the host isn't the same as installing it on the target.</p> |
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225 |
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226 <p>Even though host-tools.sh is technically an optional step, your host has to |
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227 be carefully set up to work without it.</p> |
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228 |
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229 <p>Not only does host-tools.sh add prerequisite packages your build requires, |
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230 it _removes_ everything else from the $PATH that might change the behavior of |
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231 the build. Without this, the ./configure stages of various packages will |
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232 detect that libtool exists, or that the host has Python or Perl installed, |
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233 and configure the packages to make use of things that the cross compiler's |
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234 headers and libraries don't have, and that the target root filesystem |
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235 may not have installed.</p> |
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236 |
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237 <a name=environment_sanitizing /><h2>Q: Why isn't the build listening to the environment variables I set?</h2> |
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238 |
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239 <p>Quick answer: export NO_SANITIZE_ENVIRONMENT=1.</p> |
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240 |
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241 <p>Long answer: you probably deleted the commented out variables from "config" |
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242 and then tried to set them on the command line. The environment sanitizing |
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243 logic has a whitelist of variables, but also looks at config to see what |
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244 variables are exported in there (whether they're commented out or not) and |
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245 lets those through from the environment as well. If you remove them from |
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246 config, it won't let them through from the environment.</p> |
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247 |
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248 <a name="debugging" /><h1>Debugging questions</h1> |
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249 |
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250 <a name="debug_logging" /><h2>Q: How do I get better log output from the build?</h2> |
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251 |
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252 <h3><b>Get a verbose, single-processor log of the build output.</b></h3> |
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253 |
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254 <p>When something goes wrong, re-run your build with a couple extra variables, |
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255 and log the output with "tee":</p> |
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256 |
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257 <blockquote><pre>BUILD_VERBOSE=1 CPUS=1 ./build.sh 2>&1 | tee out.txt</pre></blockquote> |
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258 |
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259 <p>The shell has a nice syntax for exporting variables just for a single |
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260 command, by putting the command to run after the assignment. Doing |
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261 that doesn't pollute your environment by leaving CPUS or BUILD_VERBOSE |
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262 exported, but it exports them just for the new "build.sh" process it |
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263 launches. And redirecting stderr to stdin and piping the result into "tee" |
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264 captures the output so you can examine it with less or vi.</p> |
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265 |
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266 <p>BUILD_VERBOSE undoes the "pretty printing" of the linux kernel and uClibc, |
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267 and makes a few other build steps produce more explicit output.</p> |
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268 |
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269 <p>CPUS controls the number of tasks make should run in parallel. The default |
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270 value is the number of processors on the system, times 1.5. (So a 4 processor |
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271 system runs 6 processes.) Making it single processor gives you much more |
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272 readable output, because a single-processor build stops more reliably at the |
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273 point where it hit a problem, rather than at some random later point forcing |
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274 you to scroll back quite a ways to find the error. It also shouldn't |
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275 interleave the output of multiple parallel commands.</p> |
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276 |
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277 <h3><b>Use the command logging wrapper</b></h3> |
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278 |
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279 <p>If you need more logging detail, run more/record-commands.sh, then re-run |
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280 the build and look at the output in build/logs.</p> |
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281 |
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282 <p>The record-commands script sets up a wrapper which logs every command (and |
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283 all its arguments) run out of $PATH. It populates build/wrapdir with |
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284 symlinks for every command name currently in $PATH, all pointing to the |
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285 "wrappy" binary (built from sources/toys/wrappy.c). If you run record-commands |
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286 before running host-tools.sh it wraps the host $PATH, if you run it after |
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287 host-tools.sh it wraps the sanitized $PATH in build/host.</p> |
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288 |
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289 <p>The wrappy binary depends on two environment variables (set up by |
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290 sources/include.sh): $WRAPPY_LOGPATH is an absolute path to the current |
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291 log file (updated by the "setupfor" function) and $OLDPATH is the $PATH to |
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292 exec the real command out of after appending the current command line to |
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293 the log.</p> |
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294 |
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295 <p>The script "more/report-recorded-commands.sh" prints out a list of all |
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296 commands used by each build stage. (Comparing the host-tools version |
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297 to a run without host-tools can be instructive; that's the extra stuff |
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298 ./configure is picking up out of the host environment.)</p> |
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299 |
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300 <a name=debug_source /><h2>Q: How do I play around with package source code?</p></h2> |
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301 |
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302 <p>The source code used by package builds lives in several directories, each |
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303 with a different purpose:</p> |
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304 |
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305 <ul> |
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306 <li><p><b>packages</b> - vanilla upstream source tarballs (populated by download.sh).</p></li> |
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307 <li><p><b>sources/patches</b> - local patches to apply to the vanilla packages.</li> |
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308 <li><p><b>build/packages</b> - the package cache, clean copies of the extracted and patched source.</p></li> |
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309 <li><p><b>build/temp-$ARCH</b> - working copies of the source configured and built for the given architecture.</p></li> |
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310 </ul> |
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311 |
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312 <h3><b>Downloading</b></h3> |
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313 |
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314 <p>The list of source URLs is in the script download.sh, along with a list |
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315 of mirrors to check if the original URL isn't available. Those URLs are |
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316 the only place that specifies version numbers for packages, so if you want |
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317 to switch versions just point to a new URL and re-run download.sh. (You can |
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318 set SHA1= blank for the first download, and it will output the sha1sum for |
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319 the file it downloads. Cut and paste that into the download script and |
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320 re-run to confirm.)</p> |
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321 |
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322 <h3><b>Extracting and patching</b></h3> |
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323 |
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324 <p>Each script to build a package calls the shell function "setupfor" |
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325 before building the package, and "cleanup" afterwards. Conceptually, |
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326 "setupfor" extracts a tarball (from the "packages" directory), |
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327 patches it if necessary (applying all the files in "sources/patches" that |
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328 start with that package's name, which come from the aboriginal linux |
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329 repository), and cd's into the resulting directory. The function "cleanup" |
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330 does an "rm -rf" on that directory when you're done.</p> |
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331 |
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332 <p>In practice, the infrastructure behind the scenes caches the extracted |
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333 tarballs. This optimization saves disk space, CPU time, and I/O bandwidth, |
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334 speeding up builds considerably (especially when you do a lot of them in |
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335 parallel). This optimization is designed to be easily ignored, but |
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336 understanding the infrastructure can be useful for debugging.</p> |
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337 |
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338 <p>There are two places to look for extracted source packages: the package |
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339 cache and the working copy. The <b>package cache</b> (in "build/packages") |
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340 contains clean copies of all the previously extracted source tarballs, with |
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341 patches already applied. Each <b>working copy</b> (in an architecture's |
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342 temporary directory, "build/temp-$ARCH") is a tree of hardlinks to the |
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343 package cache that provides a directory in which to configure, build, and |
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344 install that package for a specific target.</p> |
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345 |
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346 <p>The source in the package cache stays clean, can be re-used across multiple |
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347 builds, and is only used to create working copies. Working copies fill up |
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348 with temporary files from configure/make/install, and are normally deleted |
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349 after each successful build. If you want to look at clean source, you |
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350 want the package cache. If you want to look at the state of a failed |
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351 build to see how it was configured or re-run portions of it, you want the |
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352 working copy.</p> |
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353 |
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354 <a name=debug_package_cache /><h2>Q: What's the package cache for?</p></h2> |
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355 |
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356 <p>The package cache contains clean architecture-independent source code, |
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357 which you can edit, use to run modified builds and create patches, and easily |
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358 revert to its original condition. The package cache avoids re-extracting the |
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359 same tarballs over and over, but also provides a place you can make temporary |
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360 modifications to that source behind the build system's back without having to |
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361 mess around with tarballs or patch files.</p> |
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362 |
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363 <p>The setupfor function calls "extract_package" to populate the package |
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364 cache. First extract_package checks for an existing copy of the appropriate |
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365 source directory, and when it doesn't find one it extracts the source tarballs |
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366 from the "packages" directory, applies the appropriate patches from |
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367 "sources/patches/$PACKAGENAME-*.patch", and saves the results into its own |
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368 directory (named after the package) under "build/packages". (USE_UNSTABLE |
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369 packages work the same way, but insert an "alt-" prefix on the package |
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370 name.)</p> |
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371 |
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372 <p>When the package cache has an existing copy of the package, extract_package |
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373 checks the list of sha1sums in that copy's "sha1-for-source.txt" file against |
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374 the sha1sums for the tarball and for each of the patch files it needs to apply. |
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375 If the list matches, it uses the existing copy. If it doesn't match, it |
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376 deletes the existing copy out of the package cache, re-extracts the tarball, |
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377 and reapplies each patch to it.</p> |
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378 |
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379 <p>This means if you can edit the copy under sources/patches all you like, |
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380 and as long as you don't modify sha1-for-source.txt, don't replace the |
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381 tarball, or add/remove/edit any of the patches to apply to it, it |
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382 will re-use that source for subsequent builds. So go ahead and fill it |
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383 full of printf()s and test code, then when you want to go back to a clean |
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384 copy, delete the build/packages directory (either one package or the whole |
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385 thing) and let setupfor recreate it.</p> |
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386 |
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387 <p>If you come up with changes you want to keep, you can create a patch from |
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388 the package cache this way:</p> |
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389 |
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390 <blockquote><pre> |
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391 # Rename the modified package directory |
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392 |
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393 cd $TOP |
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394 cd build/packages |
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395 mv $PACKAGE $PACKAGE.bak |
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396 |
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397 # Extract a clean copy |
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398 |
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399 cd $TOP |
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400 more/test.sh host extract_package $PACKAGE |
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401 |
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402 # Diff the two and write out the patch to sources/patches |
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403 |
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404 cd build/packages |
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405 diff -ruN $PACKAGE $PACKAGE.bak > ../../sources/patches/$PACKAGE-$NAME.patch |
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406 rm -rf $PACKAGE |
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407 |
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408 # Run a clean test build |
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409 |
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410 cd $TOP |
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411 rm -rf build/packages/$PACKAGE |
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412 ./build.sh $ARCH |
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413 </pre></blockquote> |
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414 |
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415 <p>Where $TOP is your top level Aboriginal Linux directory, $PACKAGE is the |
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416 name of the package you're modifying, and $NAME is some unique name for your |
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417 patch. Don't forget to delete the $PACKAGE.bak directory to reclaim its disk |
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418 space when you're satisfied with your patch (or "rm -rf build/packages" to |
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419 zap the entire package cache, or just "rm -rf build" to clean |
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420 up all the temporary files).</p> |
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421 |
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422 <p>If the environment variable EXTRACT_ALL is set, download.sh will |
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423 call extract_package on each package as soon as it confirms the tarball's |
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424 sha1sum. (The environment variable FORK makes each package download happen |
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425 in parallel, including the call to extract_package if any.) Prepopulating |
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426 the package cache this way is useful before running different architecture |
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427 builds in parallel, or when testing that new patches (added to the |
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428 sources/patches directory) apply correctly to the relevant package(s).</p> |
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429 |
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430 <p>This means you can do the following to get a freshly extracted and patched |
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431 clean copy of all packages:</p> |
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432 |
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433 <blockquote><pre> |
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434 rm -rf build/packages |
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435 EXTRACT_ALL=1 ./download.sh |
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436 </pre></blockquote> |
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437 |
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438 <a name=debug_working_copies /><h2>Q: What are working copies for?</p></h2> |
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439 |
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440 <p>Working copies are target-specific copies of package source where builds |
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441 actually happen. The build scripts clone a fresh working copy for each build, |
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442 then run configure, make, and install commands in the new copy. They leave the |
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443 aftermath of failed builds lying around for analysis; to keep the working |
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444 copies of successful builds around too, set the NO_CLEANUP environment |
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445 variable. If you want to cd into a source directory and re-run bits of a |
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446 previous build, use the working copy of a package's source. (You'll probably |
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447 have to add the appropriate cross compiler's bin directory to your $PATH, but |
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448 otherwise it'll usually just work.)</p> |
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449 |
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450 <p>Working copies of source packages are cloned from the package cache |
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451 by the the function "setupfor", which first calls extract_package to ensure the |
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452 package cache is up to date, then creates a directory of hardlinks to the |
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453 package cache via "cp -l" (or symlinks via "cp -s" if $SNAPSHOT_SYMLINK is |
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454 set).</p> |
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455 |
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456 <p>The working copies use hardlinks to avoid creating redundant copies of the |
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457 file contents, which would waste I/O bandwidth and eat lots of disk space |
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458 and disk cache memory. Using hardlinks instead of symlinks for the working |
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459 copies also saves inodes and dentry cache, since each symlink consumes an |
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460 inode, but that optimization requires that the package cache and working |
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461 copies be on the same filesystem.</p> |
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462 |
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463 <p>Linking to the page cache instead of copying it doesn't cause problems |
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464 for most packages, because most methods of modifying files used by package |
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465 builds break hardlinks or symlinks by first creating a temporary copy with |
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466 the modifications, then deleting the original and moving the copy into its |
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467 place. Modifying files that are tracked by source control also creates |
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468 spurious noise for the package's developers. Occasionally a package will |
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469 make a mistake (such as zlib 1.2.5 shipping a Makefile which is |
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470 generated by configure, and modified in place), in which case the build |
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471 has to break the link itself. (Note that editing the working copies of |
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472 source files in build/temp-$ARCH can modify the cached copy if your editor |
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473 isn't configured to break hardlinks. Usually you edit the package cache |
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474 version and let setupfor create a new working copy.)</p> |
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475 |
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476 <p>If you want to search just the generated files and not the snapshot of |
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477 the source, use "find $PACKAGE -links 1". If you want to search just |
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478 the source files and not the generated files, that's what the package |
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479 cache is for.</p> |
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480 |
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481 <pre> |
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482 TODO: |
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483 - more/test.sh ARCH build_section thingy |
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484 </pre> |
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485 |
| 889 | 486 <!--#include file="footer.html" --> |
| 487 </html> |